Chemistry Chapters 1 And 2

Front 1

Law of definite proportions

Back 1

the different samples of the same compound always contain its consttuent elements in the same propotion by mass.

Front 2

Law of multiple proportions

Back 2

if two elements can combine to form more than one compound the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers.

Front 3

Law of conservation of mass

Back 3

matter can be neither created nor destroyed.

Front 4

atom

Back 4

the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination

Front 5

subatomic particles

Back 5

electrons, protons, and neutrons

Front 6

Radiations

Back 6

emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves.

Front 7

Cathode Ray Tube - describe what happens in the tube

Back 7

two metal plates are connected to a high-voltage source, the negatively charge plate, called the cathode, emits an invisible ray. The cathode ray is drawn to the positively charged plate called the anode where it passes through a whole and continues to go.

Front 8

Electron
-Tell the 4 things about it.

Back 8

-The negative charge of an electron is -1.76 x 10^8 (coulomb/grams) by J.J. Thompson
-Discovered by the cathode ray tube
-Millikan's oil drop experiment gave us mass as
9.10 x 10^3 g.

Front 9

Radioactive

Back 9

the spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation.

Front 10

Nucleus

Back 10

a dense central core within the atom.

Front 11

Protons

Back 11

-The positively charged particles in the nuclueus
-Same quantity of charge as an electron (1.76 x 10^8 c/g)
-mass 1.67262 x 10^-24 g)

Front 12

Neutrons

Back 12

electrically nuetral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of protons.
-mass 1.67493 x 10^-24

Front 13

Atomic Number (Z)

Back 13

number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element. (also can equal the number of electrons in an atom)

Front 14

Mass Number (A)

Back 14

total number of neutrons and protons present in the nuclues of an atom of an element.
=# of protons + # of neutrons
=atomic number + # of neutrons

Front 15

Isotopes

Back 15

atoms that have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.

Front 16

Periodic Table

Back 16

a chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are prouped together. They are arranged by atomic number.
Horizontal rows = periods
Vertical rows = groups (families)

Front 17

Metal

Back 17

Good conductor of electricity

Front 18

Metaloids

Back 18

Have properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

Front 19

Monotomic

Back 19

Only 6 noble gases of the whole periodic table exist in nature alone by themselves. (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn)

Front 20

Molecule

Back 20

aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical gorces. (chemical bonds)

Front 21

Compound

Back 21

made up of two or more elements.

Front 22

Diatomic Molecule

Back 22

Contains only two atoms
(h2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2)

Front 23

Polyatomic Molecules

Back 23

Molecules containing more than two atoms (H20)

Front 24

Ion

Back 24

An atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge.
-Cation and Anion

Front 25

Ionic Compound

Back 25

formed from cations and anions

Front 26

Chemical Formulas

Back 26

Express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols.

Front 27

Moleculars Formulas

Back 27

shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.

Front 28

Allotropes

Back 28

one of two or more distinct forms of an element

Front 29

Structural formula

Back 29

Shows how atoms are bomded to one another in a molecule.
H--O--H

Front 30

Empirical Formula

Back 30

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Front 31

Nomenclature

Back 31

The naming of compounds

Front 32

Organic Compounds

Back 32

contrain carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Front 33

Inorganic Compounds

Back 33

All compounds that are not Organic
Can be divided into four categories, Ionic, molecular, acids and bases, and hydrates.

Front 34

Binary Compounds

Back 34

compounds formed from just two elements

Front 35

Ternary Compounds

Back 35

compounds consisting of three elements

Front 36

Acid

Back 36

substance that yields hydrogen ions when disolved in water.

Front 37

Oxiacids

Back 37

contain hydrogen, oxigen, and another element (the central element)

Front 38

Base

Back 38

substance that yeilds hydrooxide ions when disolved in water.

Front 39

Hydrates

Back 39

compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them.