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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pressure
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the force exterted per unit of surface area
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barometer
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a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. most commonly a tube open at one end, which is filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury
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pascal
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the SI unit of pressure
Pa |
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standard atmosphere
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atm
the average atmospheric pressure measured at sea level, defined as 1.01325 X 10^5 Pa |
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millimeter of mercury
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mmHg
a unit of pressure based on the difference in the heights of mercury ina barometer or manometer |
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torr
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a unit of pressure identical to 1 mmHg
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ideal gas
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a hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships amon volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximated by simple gases at ordinary conditions
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Boyle's Law
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the gas law stating that, at constant temperature and amount of gas, the volume occupied by a gas is inversly proportional to the applied (external) pressure
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Charles's Law
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the gas law stating that, at a constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
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Avogadro's Law
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the gas law stating that, at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles, and, therefore, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its amount (mol)
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standard temperature and pressure
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STP
the reference conditions for a gas: 0 degrees C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (760 torr) |
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standard molar volume
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the volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure
22.4141 L |
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ideal gas law
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an equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature and amount (mol) of an ideal gas
PV = nRT |
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universal gas constant
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R
a proportionally constant that relates the energy, amount of substance, and temperature of a system R = 0.082057 atm*L/mol*k R = 8.31447 J/mol*K |
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partial pressure
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the portion of the total pressure contributed by a gas in a mixture of gases
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Dalton's law of partial pressures
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a gas law stating that, in a mixture of unreacting gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases:
Ptotal = P1 + P2 +P3 ... |
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mole fraction
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X
a concentration term expressed as the ratio of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles present |
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kinetic - molecular theory
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the model that explains gas behavior in terms of particles in random motion whose volumes and interactions are negligible
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Rms speed
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the speed of a molecule having the average kinetic energy; very close to the most probable speed
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effusion
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the process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into an evacuated space
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Graham's Law of effusion
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a gas law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversly proportional to the square root of its density (or molar mass)
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diffusion
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the movement of one fluid through another
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Van der Waals equation
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an equation that accounts for the behavior of real gases
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