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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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newton
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the SI unit of force
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pressure
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force applied per unit area
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pascal (Pa)
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one newton per square meter
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atmospheric pressure
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the pressure exerted by Earth's atmosphere
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barometer
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instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure
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Standards atmospheric pressure (1 atm)
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the pressure that supports a column of mercury exactly 760 mm high at 0 degrees at sea level
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manometer
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device used to measure the pressure of gases other than the atmosphere
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Boyle's law
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the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas
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absolute zero
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theoretically the lowest attainable temperature
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Kelvin temperature scale
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temperature scale with absolute zero as the starting point
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Charles"s Law
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the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas
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Avogadro's Law
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at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas present
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R (in the equation (PV=nRT)
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the proportionality constant, also called the gas constant
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ideal gas equation
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describes the relationship among the four variables, P, V, T, and n
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ideal gas
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a hypothetical gas whose pressure-volume-temperature behavior can be completely accounted for by the ideal gas equation
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standard temperature and pressure (STP)
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the conditions 0 degrees celcius and 1 atm
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partial pressures
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the pressures of individual gas components in the mixture
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Dalton's law of partial pressures
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the total pressure of a mixture of gases is just the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
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mole fraction
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a dimensionless quantity that expresses the ratio of the number of moles of one component to the number of moles of all components present
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kinetic energy (KE)
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energy of motion
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root mean square (rms) speed
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an average molecular speed
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diffusion
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the gradual mixing of molecules of one gas with molecules of another by virtue of their kinetic properties
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Graham's law of diffusion
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under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, rates of diffusion for gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses
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effusion
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the process by which a gas under pressure escapes from one compartment of a container to another by passing through a small opening
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van der Waals equation
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relates P, V, T, and n for a nonideal gas
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