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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measurement is a ________ based on an _______ scale. |
-comparison -accepted |
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All measurements have ___ parts and all numbers must have _____ |
-2 -units |
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Explain the International System of Measurements (SI System) |
-similar to metric system -all units are based on units of 10 -simply change the prefix to change the size of the unit |
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What are the 3 prefixes we need to know? |
-kilo -centi -milli |
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Is a kilogram based on a physical constant? |
No |
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Is a second based on a physical constant? |
yes |
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Is a Kelvin based on a physical constant? |
yes |
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Is a Mole based on a physical constant? |
Yes |
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Is a candela based on a physical constant? |
yes |
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Is an ampere based on a physical constant? |
yes |
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how much is "kilo" |
1,000 |
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how much is "centi" |
1/100 or 0.01 |
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how much is "milli" |
1/1000 or .001 |
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How many milliliters are in a liter ? |
1000mL in a liter |
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How many grams are in a kilogram? |
1000g |
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What are Significant Figures? |
The significant digits in a measurement that consists of all known values plus one unknown value |
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A measurement always has some _________ |
uncertainty |
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__________ comes from limitations of techniques |
uncertainty |
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What are some examples of human error? |
1. misreading instruments 2. poor arithmetic and computational skills 3. wrongly transferring raw data to the final report 4. using the wrong theory and equations |
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Human error is the ______ of error but not _________ error |
source, experimental |
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if you make a human error, what do you need to do to your experiment? |
re-do it |
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What is a systematic error? |
a system or instrument issue |
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What does a systematic error cause> |
a random set of meausurements to be affected in the same way |
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How to record SigFigs experimentally: |
1. write down exactly what the scale/measurement is 2. last number is the uncertain one |
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How to record measurement of graduated cylinders: |
1. look at the line the bottom of the meniscus touches 2. Write one more place than whatever the line is |
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In scientific notation, if the number is smaller than 1 it is going to have a _______ exponent |
negative |
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in scientific notation, if the number is bigger than 1 it is going to have a _________ exponent |
positive |
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Rules for rounding off: if the number is less then 5, the preceding digit ______________ |
stays the same |
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Rules for rounding off: if the number is more than 5 then the preceding digit is ______________ |
increased by 1 |
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What are the 4 significant figure rules? |
1. non zero digits are significant 2. leading zeroes are never significant 3. If zero is between 2 numbers then the zero is counted as a sigfig 4. A final zero or trailing zeroes are only significant if there is a decimal point before or after it |
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Exact numbers are numbers known with ___________ |
certainty |
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What are 2 examples of exact numbers |
counting numbers and defined numbers |
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Exact numbers have an _______ amount of SFs |
unlimited |
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SFs in Addition and Subtraction: Your answer has the same # of decimal places as the # with the _________ # of decimal places |
-least |
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SFs in Multiplication and Division: Your answer has the same# of SFs as the # with the ________ number of SFs |
-lowest |
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Accuracy is: |
- how correct your answer is -how close your value is to the published value |
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Precision is: |
-How close your values/trials are to each other (set of data) -How certain/known your measurement is (individual measurement) |
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Accuracy is always ________, but precision is not always _____________ |
-precise -accurate |
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Temperature is a __________ that measure the ______ of a substance w/ reference to a __________ value |
-property -warmth -standard |
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What are the 3 standard values of temperature? |
Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit |
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What is Absolute Zero? |
-theoretical - 0 Kelvin is absolute zero |
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Temperature is the measure of _______ |
energy |
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What is the temperature conversion from Kelvin to Celsius |
K= C + 273 |
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Density is an _________ physical property |
intensive |
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Density is the amount of _________ that occupies a particular space |
matter |
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Density= |
mass/volume |
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The object volume is how much a solid object __________ in water |
displaces |
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How do you measure the density of an irregular object? |
displacement |
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What is percent error? |
The measure of accuracy / how correct something is |
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Error % = |
accepted value- experimental value / accepted value x 100% |
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In calculating percent error, your answer has _____ decimal places |
no |
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If your answer has a decimal place, then ________ again by _____ |
multiply, 100 |
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What are the steps for Dimensional Analysis |
1. write the given 2. using conversion factors get to the desired unit 3. cancel units 4. calculate |
