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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What information did Mendeleev place on his cards?
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Name of each known element along with the atomic mass and the list of its observed physical and chemical properties
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How did Mendeleev arrange the cards
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According to various properties and looked for trends or patterns
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When did Mendeleev publish his first periodic table
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1869
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What did Mendeleev say about the empty spaces in his table
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Predicted that the existence and properties of elements would fill three of the spaces
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What previously undiscovered pattern did Moseley discover
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Elements in the periodic table fit into the patterns better when they were arranged in increasing order according to nuclear charge, or the number of protons in the nucleus
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What did Morseley's work on the undiscovered pattern lead him to
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Modern definition of atomic number
Recognition that atomic number is the basis for the organization of the periodic table |
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Periodic Law
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The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
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Periodic Table
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An arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group
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Lanthanides
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Are the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58(Cesium) to 71(Lithuim)
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Who and when was argon discovered
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(1894)
John William Strutt Sir William Ramsay |
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Athanides
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Are the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 (Thorium) to 103 (Lawrencium)
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How is the length of each period determined
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By the number of electrons that can occupy the sublevels being filled in that period
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Is hydrogen a member of the alkai metals (Why,Why not?)
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No, it is a unique element with properties that do not resemble those of any group
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Is helium a member of the noble gases (Why, Why not?)
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Yes, helium possesses special chemical stability, exhibiting the unreactive nature of Group 18
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What are the characteristics of transition elements
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Good conductors of electricity, high-luster, less reactive than alkai and alkaline-earth metals
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Atomic Radius
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One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
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What is the trend in atomic radius when you move from left to right
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It has a greater pull from the nucleus causing electrons to move closer to the nucleus
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What is the trend in atomic radius when you move from top to bottom
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Radii of elements increases. Ths occurs because they have more levels of electron
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Ion
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An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a postive or negative charge
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Ionization
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Any process that results in formation of ions
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Ionization Energy
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Energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element
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What is the trend in ionization energy when moving from left to right (Why?)
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Increase in elements.
This is caused by increasing nuclear charge, a higher charge more strongly attracts electrons in the same energy level |
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What is the trend in ionization energy when moving from top to bottom (Why?)
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Ionization energy decreasing gets smaller
This is caused because electrons removed from atoms of each succeeding element in a group are in higher energy levels farther from the nucleaus |
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Second Ionization Energy
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Lithium
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Third Ionization Energy
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Sodium
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What is the trend in ionization energy as you remove the first electron, second etc. (Why?)
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They are always higher
This occurs because each electron removed increasingly strengthens the nuclear charge |
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When does the large jump in ionization occur
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When ion assumes noble gas configuration
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Electron Affinity
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Enegry change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom
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When is energy listed on the right side of an equation
(Positive, Negative?) |
Positive
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When is energy listed on the left side of an equation
(Positve, Negative?) |
Negative
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Cation
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Positive ion
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Anion
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Negative ion
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