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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Law of Definite Proportions
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Specific Substances always contain elements in the same ratio by mass.
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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The ratio of masses of one element that combine with a constant mass of another element can be expressed in small whole numbers
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Anode
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positive electrode
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Cathode
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negative electrode
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Cathode Ray
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beam of electrons in gas discharge tube
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element that differ in mass because of difference in neutron number
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Atomic Number
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number of protons in an atoms nucleus, always same in all atoms of one element
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Nuclide
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a particular kind of atom containing a definite number of protons and neutrons
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Nucleon
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particles that make up the atomic nucleus: protons and neutrons
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Mass Number
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total number of nucleons in an atom
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Radioactivity
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the phenomenon of rays being produced spontaneously by unstable atomic nuclei
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Nuclear Force
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the force that holds protons and neutrons together
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Subatomic Particle
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uparticles composing atoms
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Lepton
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light subatomic particles
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Hadron
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heavy subatomic particles
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Antiparticle
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mirror image of a particle , exact in every way with an opposite charge
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Neutrino
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a massless neutral particle associated with leptons
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Quarks
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theoretical particle believed to be elementary and a consituent of a hadron
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Baryons
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subatomic particle classified as a heavy hadron
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Mesons
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subatomic particle classified as a hadron
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Gluons
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theoretical massless particle exchanged by quarks
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Alpha Particle
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a helium nucleus
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Beta Particle
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an electron- or a positron+
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Gamma Ray
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a quantum of energy of very high frequency and very short wavelength
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Spectroscopy
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the study of the interaction of matter and radient energy
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Spectrum
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a unique set of wavelengths absorbed or emitted by a substance
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Electromagnetic Energy
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radiant energy; energy transferred by electromagnetic waves
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Frequency
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the number of complete wave cycles per unit of time
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Hertz
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the unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second
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Wavelength
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distance between two successive crests of a wave
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Quantum Theory
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the concept that energy is transferred in discrete units
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Quanta, Quantum
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discrete "packet" of energy
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Photon
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quantum of radiant energy
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Ground State
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state of lowest energy of a system
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Atomic Mass
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mass of an atom in atomic mass units; the average mass of the atom of an element
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