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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
continuous spectrum
|
the emission of a continuous range of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation |
|
excited state
|
a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has
in its ground state |
|
line-emission spectrum
|
a series of specific wavelengths of emitted light
created when the visible portion of light from excited atoms is shined through a prism |
|
photon
|
a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries
a quantum of energy |
|
electromagnetic radiation
|
a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as
it travels through space ( |
|
frequency
|
the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time,
usually one second |
|
quantum
|
the minimum quantity of energy that can be gained or lost by an
atom |
|
electromagnetic spectrum
|
all the forms of electromagnetic radiation
|
|
ground state
|
the lowest energy state of an atom
|
|
photoelectric effect
|
the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines
on the metal |
|
wavelength
|
the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
|
|
angular momentum quantum number
|
the quantum number that indicates
the shape of the orbital |
|
magnetic quantum number
|
the quantum number that indicates the orientation
of an orbital around the nucleus |
|
principal quantum number
|
the quantum number that indicates the main
energy level occupied by the electron |
|
quantum theory
|
a mathematical description of the wave properties of electrons
and other very small particles |
|
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
|
it is impossible to determine
simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle |
|
orbital
|
a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the
probable location of an electron |
|
quantum number
|
a number that specifies the properties of atomic orbitals and
the properties of electrons in orbitals |
|
spin quantum number
|
the quantum number that has only two possible values,
+1/2 and –1/2, which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital |
|
Aufbau principle
|
an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can
receive it |
|
highest occupied energy level
|
the electron-containing main energy level with
the highest principal quantum number |
|
inner-shell electron
|
an electron that is not in the highest occupied energy
level |
|
Pauli exclusion principle
|
no two electrons in the same atom can have the
same set of four quantum numbers |
|
electron configuration
|
the arrangement of electrons in an atom
|
|
Hund’s rule
|
orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before
any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin |
|
noble gas
|
a Group 18 element (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and
radon) |
|
noble-gas configuration
|
an outer main energy level fully occupied, in most
cases, by eight electrons |