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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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angular momentum quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the shape of the orbital
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Aufbau principle
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an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it
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continuous spectrum
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the emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
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electromagnetic radiation
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a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
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electromagnetic spectrum
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all the forms of electromagnetic radiation
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electron configuration
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the arrangement of electrons in an atom
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excited state
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a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
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frequency
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the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second
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ground state
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the lowest energy state of an atom
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle
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it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
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highest occupied energy level
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the electron-containing main energy level with the highest principal quantum number
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Hund's rule
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orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in a single occupied orbitals must have the same spin
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inner-shell electron
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an electron that is not in the highest occupied energy level
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line-emission spectrum
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a series of specific wavelengths of emitted light created when the visible portion of light from excited atoms is shined through a prism
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magnetic quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
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noble gas
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a Group 18 element (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon)
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noble-gas configuration
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an outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons
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orbital
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a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
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Pauli exclusion principle
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no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
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photoelectric effect
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the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal
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photon
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a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy
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principle quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron
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quantum
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the minimum quantity of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
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quantum number
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a number that specifies the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals
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quantum theory
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a mathematical description of the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
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spin quantum number
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the quantum number that has only two possible values, +1/2 or -1/2, which indiate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
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wavelength
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the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
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