Chemistry Chapter 3

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 2

substance

Back 2

matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition
aka: pure substance

Front 3

physical property

Back 3

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition

Front 4

Extensive properties

Back 4

dependent upon the amount of substance presented
Examples: mass, length, volume

Front 5

intensive properties

Back 5

independent of the amount of substance present
Example:Density

Front 6

chemical property

Back 6

ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

Front 7

states of matter
solid, liquide, gas, plasma

Back 7

all matter that exists on Earth can be classified as one of these physical forms

Front 8

solid

Back 8

a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume

Front 9

liquid

Back 9

form of matter that flows, has a constant volume, and takes the shape of its container

Front 10

Gas

Back 10

form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the entire volume of its container

Front 11

vapor

Back 11

gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature

Front 12

Filtration

Back 12

a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

Front 13

Distillation

Back 13

separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved

Front 14

chromatography

Back 14

technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travl or be drawn across the surface of another material

Front 15

crystallization

Back 15

a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid partivles of a substance from a solution ontaining

Front 16

Element

Back 16

a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Front 17

Periodic Table of Elements

Back 17

organizes elements into a grid of horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups or families)

Front 18

Dmitri Mendeleev

Back 18

Founded the Periodic table of Elements...(German)

Front 19

compound

Back 19

a combination of 2 or more different elements that are combined chemically (water, table salt, aspirin)

Front 20

Law of Definite Proportions

Back 20

regardless of amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

Front 21

Percent by Mass

Back 21

ration of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound as a percentage

Front 22

Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 22

when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of are element combine with the Same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers

Front 23

solution

Back 23

also known as homogenous mixtures

Front 24

mixture

Back 24

combinition of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its individual chemical properties

Front 25

vapor

Back 25

gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature

Front 26

law of conservation of mass

Back 26

states that mass is neither created or destroyed during a chemical reaction-it is conserved

Front 27

Homogenous mixtures

Back 27

mixture that keeps a constant compostition throughout, always has a single phase

Front 28

Hetrogenous mixtures

Back 28

mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and individual substances remain distinct

Front 29

Physical changes

Back 29

altering of a substance without changing its composition-breaking a pencil in two

Front 30

Chemical changes

Back 30

a process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances

Front 31

Antoine Lavoisier

Back 31

'father of modern chemistry'