Chemistry Chapter 11

Front 1

Intermolecular Forces

Back 1

An attraction between two molecules, can keep the molecules in place

Front 2

Kinetic Energy

Back 2

Random motion of each molecule, related to temperature

Front 3

Kinetic Energy and IM Forces
Gas
(1) Kinetic Energy
(2) Distance

Back 3

(1) High temperature leads to high kinetic energy
(2) Big distance between particles
-Intermolecular forces are negligible compared to kinetic

Front 4

Kinetic Energy and IM Forces
Liquid
(1) Kinetic Energy
(2) Distance

Back 4

(1) Moderate kinetic energy
(2) IM forces keep molecules together, but they can move past each other

Front 5

Kinetic Energy and IM Forces
Solid
(1) Temperature
(2) Distance

Back 5

(1) Low kinetic energy
(2) Very short distance
-IM forces between molecules sufficient to keep molecules in place

Front 6

Phase Change
Solid---->Liquid

Back 6

Delta H Fusion

Front 7

Phase Change
Liquid---->Gas

Back 7

Delta H Vaporization

Front 8

Phase Change
Gas---->Liquid

Back 8

Delta H Condensation

Front 9

Phase Change
Liquid---->Solid

Back 9

Delta H Freezing

Front 10

Phase Change
Solid---->Gas

Back 10

Delta H Sublimation

Front 11

Phase Change
Gas---->Solid

Back 11

Delta H Deposition

Front 12

Vapor Pressure

Back 12

The tendency of molecules in a liquid phase to escape into the vapor phase

Front 13

What does high vapor pressure denote

Back 13

a higher tendency to escape

Front 14

When vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure, what occurs

Back 14

evaporation (boiling)

Front 15

dynamic equilibrium

Back 15

When the rate of the liquid escaping equals the rate vapor returns

Front 16

In the liquid and gas system what two things happen

Back 16

1: Liquid molecules escape into vapor phase
2: Vapor molecules condense into liquid phase

Front 17

What does an equilibrium look like

Back 17

1: the amount of liquid remains constant
2: the amount of vapor remains constant
3: The net change is zero

Front 18

How are IM forces different between ionic and covalent bonds

Back 18

-IM forces is an attraction between molecules due to polarity or non polarity, where ionic and covalent has to do with sharing or giving electrons

Front 19

Dipole-Dipole bond

Back 19

-An attraction between two polar molecules

Front 20

What are the kings of electronegativity

Back 20

-N, O, F, Cl

Front 21

Hydrogen Bond

Back 21

-A bond between two polar molecules but must satisfy certain rules
1: One molecule must have either a N, O, or F directly connected to a H molecule
2: Other molecule must contain either an N, O, or F anywhere in the molecule

Front 22

Dipole-Induced Dipole

Back 22

-The attraction of a polar molecule and a non polar molecule

Front 23

Polarizability

Back 23

When an electron cloud orients itself to momentarily create partial charge

Front 24

What is the periodic trend for polarizability

Back 24

increase down and to the left

Front 25

London Dispersion Forces

Back 25

An attraction between two non-polar molecules, there is LD forces in everything since interaction

Front 26

Surface Tension

Back 26

A molecule on the interior of a liquid can experience more IM forces that a molecule on the surface
-Thus, molecules in the interior or more stable
-The number of molecules on the surface is minimized

Front 27

Stronger IM forces ----> to ____________ value for surface tension

Back 27

Larger

Front 28

Adhesion

Back 28

forces between the water molecules and a surface
(ie glass)

Front 29

Cohesion

Back 29

Forces between water molecules and other water molecules

Front 30

Viscosity

Back 30

Resistance to flow

Front 31

Why does raising temperature reduce viscosity

Back 31

Adding heat makes it behave like a gas therefore kinetic energy increase, therefore flow increases

Front 32

Strong IM forces are associated with (6)

Back 32

1:High boiling point
2:High melting point
3:High values for Delta H vap, and Delta H fus
4:Low vapor pressure
5:High surface tension
6:High viscosity

Front 33

Crystaline

Back 33

Regular repeating pattern

Front 34

Amorphous Solids

Back 34

no regular pattern
ex. Plastic and glass

Front 35

Molecular Solid

Back 35

-Dispersion, dipole-dipole, and H-Bond
-Compounds with covalent bonds, non-metal to non-metal

Front 36

Ionic Solid

Back 36

-Ionic bonds, metal to a non-metal

Front 37

Metallic Bonds

Back 37

Metal to Metal bonds, wide range of strength

Front 38

Covalent Network Solids, Identify two types

Back 38

-Covalent bonds in a giant lattice, not IM forces.
-non-metal to non-metal
-Sand, Diamond

Front 39

Which type of solids have the highest melting and boiling point

Back 39

Covalent network solids