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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinetic Energy
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the energy an object has because of its motion
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Kinetic theory
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a theory explaining the states of matter based on the concept that the particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion
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Gas Pressure
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the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object' due to collisions of gas particles with the object
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vacuum
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a space where no particles of matter exist
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Atmospheric pressure
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the pressure exerted by air molecules in the atmosphere surrounding Earth, resulting from collisions of air molecules with objects
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Barometers
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an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
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Pascal(Pa)
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the SI unit of pressure
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Standard Atmosphere(atm)
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a unit of pressure; it is the pressure requited to support 700mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 degrees C; this is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level
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Vaporization
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the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor
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Evaporation
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vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
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Vapor Pressure
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the pressure produced when vapor particles above a liquid in a sealed container collide with the container walls; a dynamic equillibrium exists between the vapor and the liquid
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Boiling Point
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the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid
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Normal Boiling Point
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the boiling opint of a liquid at a pressure of 1 atmosphere
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Melting point
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the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0 degrees C.
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Crystal
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a substance in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, repeating, 3-dimensional pattern
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Unit Cell
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the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal
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Allotropes
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one or two more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state; oxygen (O2)and ozone (O3)
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Amorphous Solids
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a term used to describe a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure; denotes a random arrangement of atoms
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Glasses
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the optically transparent fusion product of inorganic materials that have cooled to a rigid state without crystalizing
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Phase Diagram
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a diagram showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas
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Triple Point
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The point on a phase diagram that represents the only set of conditions at which all three phases exist in equilibrium with one another
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Sublimation
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the conversion of a solid to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state
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