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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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kinetic energy
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kenetic = motion
the energy an object has because of its motion |
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kinetic theory
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tiny particles are in constant motion
1. a gas is composed of particles 2. the particles move rapidly in constant motion 3. all collisions are perfectly elastic |
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gas pressure
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the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object
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vacuum
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an empty space with no particles and no pressure
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atmospheric pressure
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results from collisions of air molecules with objects
*decreases as you climb a mountain because the air layer around the Earth thins out as elevation increases |
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barometers
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devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure
dependent on weather |
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pascal (Pa)
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the SI unit of pressure
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standard atmosphere (atm)
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the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 deg C
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1 atm =
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760 mm Hg
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1 atm = 760 mm =
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101.3 kPa
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vaporization
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conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor
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evaporation
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the process when vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
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vapor pressure
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a force due to the gas above the liquid
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boiling point (bp)
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the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure
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normal melting point
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the boiling point of a liquid at prssure of 101.3 kPa
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melting point
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the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
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crystal
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the atoms, ions, or molecules that make p te solid substance are arranged in an orderly, repeating, 3D pattern
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unit cell
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the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal
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simple cubic unit cell
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atoms or ions are arranged at the corners of an imaginary cube
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body-centered cube unit cell
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the atoms or ions are at the corners and in the center of an imaginary cube
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face-centered cube unit cell
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the atoms or ions are in the center of each face of the imaginary cube (no atom/ion at the center)
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allotropes
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two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state
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amorphous solids
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lack an ordered internal structure
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glasses
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transparent fusion products of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing
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phase diagram
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gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, and gas (vapor).
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triple point
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describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another
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sublimation
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the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state
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