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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry
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study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and energy and changes that matter undergoes
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Matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass.
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Energy
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ability to do work
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Why Chemistry
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The knowledge of chemistry helps us to answer many questions that arise in our minds as we go through everyday life
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Chemistry applies to almost everything
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life processes in plants and animals
medical, pharmaceutical & food industries making new materials energy production |
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Chemical Research
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careful experimentation & explanation
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Hypothesis
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a tentative explanation for an observation that provides a basis for experimentation
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Experiment
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the observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained
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Law
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concise statement that summarizes a wide range of experimental results & has not been contradicted by experiments
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Theory
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a tested explanation of basic natural phenomena; a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the laws based on them
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Substance
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specific type of matter that has the same properties & the same composition throughout a sample
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Extensive property
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Depends on specific sample observed
Mass, Volume |
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Intensive property
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Exactly the same for all samples
Boiling point, Melting point, color, density |
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Physical States
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Solid, Liquid, Gas
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Solid
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Tightly packed/fixed arrangement
vibrate about average positions rigid small fixed volume for given mass |
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Liquid
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Random arrangement
slightly compressible fixed volume no fixed shape constant interaction |
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Gas
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constant continous motion
No shape or volume Takes shape of container compressible |
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Physical property
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property that can be observed without changing the substances present in the sample
Melting point, boiling point, color |
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Physical change
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change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity. No new compounds are formed. melting ice, boiling water
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Density
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Mass per unit of volume
Liquids=mL Gases=L solids=g |
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Chemical property
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the tendency to react and form new substances
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Chemical reaction
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a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind of matter or several new kinds of matter
New compounds are formed |
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Reactant
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undergoes change to produce products
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Classification of matter
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chemical and physical properties
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matter
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substances and mixtures
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substances
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elements and compounds
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mixtures
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Homogeneous (solution) and heterogeneous
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element
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pure substance
cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction or physical process into simpler substances |
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compound
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two or more elements chemically combined
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Mixture
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can be physically separated into two or more substances
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Heterogeneous
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physically distinct parts
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Homogeneous
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similar properties throughout
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Atomic or Periodic symbol
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One or two letter symbol representing an element in the Periodic Table
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