Chemistry Chapter 1

Front 1

continental-continental plate boundary

Back 1

a convergent plate boundary along which two continental lithospheric plates collide, such as the collision with India and Asia

Front 2

continental drift

Back 2

the theory that the continents were once joined into a single landmass that broke apart with the various fragments (continents) moving with respect to one another

Front 3

convergent plate boundary

Back 3

the boundary between two plates that are moving toward one another, three types of convergent plate boundaries are recognized

Front 4

Curie point

Back 4

the temperature at which iron-bearing minerals in a cooling magma or lava attain the magnetism

Front 5

divergent plate boundary

Back 5

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Front 6

Glossopteris flora

Back 6

a late Palwozoic association of plants found only on the Southern Hemisphere continents and India

Front 7

Gondwana

Back 7

one of six major Paleozoic continents composed of present-day continents of South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India and parts of other continents such as Southern Europe, Arabia, and Florida

Front 8

hot spot

Back 8

a localized zone of melting below the lithosphere

Front 9

Laurasia

Back 9

a late Paleozoic, Northern Hemisphere continent composed of the present-day continetns of North America, Greenland, Europe, and Asia

Front 10

magnetic anomaly

Back 10

any change, such as a change in average strength of Earth's magnetic field

Front 11

magnetic reversal

Back 11

the phenomenon in which the north and south magnetic poles are completely reversed

Front 12

oceanic-continental plate boundary

Back 12

a convergent plate boundary along which oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere collide; characterized by subduction of the oceanic plate beneath the continental plate and by volcanism and seismicity

Front 13

oceanic-oceanic plate boundary

Back 13

a type of convergent plate boundary along which two oceanic lithospheric plates collide and one is subducted beneath the other

Front 14

paleomagnetism

Back 14

the remnant magnetism in rocks, studied to determine the intensity and direction of Earth's past magnetic field

Front 15

Pangaea

Back 15

the name Alfred Wegener proposed for a super continent consisting of all Earth's landmasses that existed at the end of the Paleozoic era

Front 16

plate

Back 16

an individual segment of lithosphere that moves over the asthenosphere

Front 17

plate tectonic theory

Back 17

the theory that large segments of the outer part of Earth (lithospheric plates) moves relative to one another

Front 18

seafloor spreading

Back 18

the theory that the seafloor moves away from spreading ridges and is eventually consumed at subduction zones

Front 19

thermal convection cell

Back 19

a type of circulation in the asthenosphere during which hot material rises, moves laterally, cools and sinks and is reheated and continues the cycle

Front 20

transform fault

Back 20

a fault along which one type of motion is transformed into another; commonly displaces oceanic ridges, but movements on opposite sides of the fault between displaced ridge segments is the opposite of the apparent displacement; on land recognized as a strike-slip fault, such as the San Andreas fault

Front 21

transform plate boundary

Back 21

plate boundary along which plates slide past one another and crust is neither produced nor destroyed; on land recognized as a strike-slip fault