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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a physical change
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it alters a substance without changing its composition
usually changes in state. |
common phyiscal properties are melting point, boiling point, solubility, color and odor.
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what is a chemical change
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it converts one material to the another
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common chemical changes
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physical properties
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those that can be observed or measured without changing the compositoion of the material
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size color temperature odor melting point boiling point density hardness
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chemical properties
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can only be measured by observing a chemical change
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burning, decomposition, rust, realease of gas bubbles, formation of an insoluble solid in solution. change in color and odor.
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solid
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substance with definite shape and volume
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liquid
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substance that has a definite volume but changes shape
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gas
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substance that has neither definite volume nor shape.
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mixture
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composed of more than one component. the composition of a mixture can vary depending on the sample
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can be seperated into its components by physical change
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element
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pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by a chemical reaction
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eg nitrogen gas, aluminum foil, copper wire.
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compound
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a pure substance formed by chemically combining two or more elements
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water, table salt
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What is a physical change
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it alters a substance without changing its composition
usually changes in state. |
common phyiscal properties are melting point, boiling point, solubility, color and odor.
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what is a chemical change
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it converts one material to the another
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common chemical changes
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physical properties
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those that can be observed or measured without changing the compositoion of the material
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size color temperature odor melting point boiling point density hardness
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chemical properties
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can only be measured by observing a chemical change
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burning, decomposition, rust, realease of gas bubbles, formation of an insoluble solid in solution. change in color and odor.
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solid
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substance with definite shape and volume
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liquid
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substance that has a definite volume but changes shape
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gas
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substance that has neither definite volume nor shape.
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mixture
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composed of more than one component. the composition of a mixture can vary depending on the sample
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can be seperated into its components by physical change
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element
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pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by a chemical reaction
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eg nitrogen gas, aluminum foil, copper wire.
the simplest form |
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compound
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a pure substance formed by chemically combining two or more elements
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water, table salt. can only be broken down by chemical reactions
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chemical reaction
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a process in which the idnenity and composition of one or more substances are changed
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reactant
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the starting substance that undergoes a change during a chemical reaction
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product
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the substance formed as the result of a chemical change
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length
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meters
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mass
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grams
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volume
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liters
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time
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seconds
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Mass
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is a measure of the amount ofm atter in an object
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weight
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the force that matter feels due to gravity
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significant figures
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all the digits in a measured number including one esitmated digit
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temperature
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the measure of how hot or cold an object is
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Fahrenheit to Celsius
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F-32/1.8
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Celsius to fharenheit
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1.8 (C)+32
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Celsius to Kelvin
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C+273
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Kelvin to Celsius
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K-273
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Density
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physical property that relates thte mass of a substance to its volume. D= M(g)/V(ml)
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reported in grams per millilieter
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specific gravity
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quantity that compares the density of a substance with th edensity of water at the same temperature
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SG=desnity of substance/ density of water
contains no units of measure |
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Chemistry
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the study of nature, properties, and transrmation of matter
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matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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property
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charteristics that is used to describe or identify matter
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color, size, temp, chemical composition, chemical reactivity
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physical property
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only involves physical changes
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size, color, temp, odor, boiling point, melting point
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chemical property
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can only be measured by observing a chemical change
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physical change
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process that results in an appearnce change in a substance but DOES NOT ALTER the chimcal makeup of the substance
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reversible, observable, change of states
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chemical change
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a process that alters the chemical makeup of a substance
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fire, rust, change in chemical composition, release of bubbles, change in color or odor.
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solid
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definite volume and weight, molecules tightly together in a 3D formation
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liquid
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definite volume but indefinite shape
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gas
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neither definite shape nor volume
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change of state
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conversion of substance from one state into another
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pure substance
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substance that is uniform in its chemical composition and properties
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chemical compounds
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pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances only by chemical reactions
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covalent bonds, two or more elements combined chemically in FIXED RATIO, chemical formulas
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reactant
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starting substances that undergoes chemical changes
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change of state
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conversion of substance from one state into another
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product
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substance formed as the result of a chemcal reaction
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pure substance
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substance that is uniform in its chemical composition and properties
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element
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substance that cant be broekn down chemically into a simpler substance
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chemical compounds
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pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances only by chemical reactions
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covalent bonds, two or more elements combined chemically in FIXED RATIO, chemical formulas
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reactant
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starting substances that undergoes chemical changes
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chemical formula
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a representation that uses element symbols to show identity of elements in a compound
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mixture
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two or more substances combined together, each of which retains ts chemical identity
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product
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substance formed as the result of a chemcal reaction
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metal
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shiny element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity
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element
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substance that cant be broekn down chemically into a simpler substance
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metalloid
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an element with properties intermediate between metal and nonmetals
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chemical formula
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a representation that uses element symbols to show identity of elements in a compound
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mixture
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two or more substances combined together, each of which retains ts chemical identity
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metal
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shiny element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity
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metalloid
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an element with properties intermediate between metal and nonmetals
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nonmetals
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elements without a shiny appearance and poor conductor of heat and electricity
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SI units
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units of measurement defined by the international system of units
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mass
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measure of amount of matter in an object
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measured in grams
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weight
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measure of gravitational pull
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temperature
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k=c+273
c=K-273 f=1.8(c)+32 c=f-32/1.8 |
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energy
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capacity to do work
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density
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measure of how much mass is containes in a specific volume
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d=m/volume
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specific gravity
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the ratio of density of an object to density of water and same temps
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SPG=d substance/ d water
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atom
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smallest and simplest particle of an element
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AMU
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atomic mass unit
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1 amu= 1.661 x 10-24 g
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atomic number (z)
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the number of protons in the nucleas of an atom
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atomic weight
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the weighted average of the mass of all natrually occuring isotopes of a particular element
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electron
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negatively charged subatomic particle
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proton
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positive charged subatomic particle
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neutron
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negatively charged subatomic particle
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group
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18 vertical columns
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period
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7 horizontal rows
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isotope
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atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers
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mass number (a)
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the total numbers of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
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nucleus
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the dense core of te atom that contains protons and neutrons
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orbital
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a region of space where the probability of finding an electron is high
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shell
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a grouping of electrons in an atom according the energy
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subshell
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a sublevel within a shell designated by the letters, S, P, D, and F
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valence electron
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an electron in the outermost shell that takes part in bonding and chemical reactions
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valence shell
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the outermost electron shell of an atom
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acid
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substance that contains a hydrogen atom and dissolves in water to form a hydrogen ion
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base
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substance that contains hydroxide and dissolves in water to form -OH
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anion
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negatively charged ion, nonmetals form anions
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cation
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positively charged ion, metals form cations
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ion
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an electrically charged particle
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ionization energy
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the energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom
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ionic bond
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a bond that results from the transfer of electrons from one element to another
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ionic compound
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crystalline solids, ions held rigidly in place by attraction to neightbors, high melting and boiling points, shatter if struck sharply, some dissolve in water and can conduct electricyt
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octet rule
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the main group elements are especially stable when they possess eight electrons in the outer shell
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polyatomic ion
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ion that is composed of more than one atom
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formula unit
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the formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound
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ionic solid
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a solid composed of oppositely charged ions in a regular arrangement
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