Chemistry Chaps 1-2

Front 1

chemistry

Back 1

study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

Front 2

chemical

Back 2

any substance that has a definite composition

Front 3

mass

Back 3

measure of amount of matter

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matter

Back 4

anything that has mass and takes up space

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atom

Back 5

smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.

Front 6

element

Back 6

pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

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compound

Back 7

a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substance. Each compound it made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded

Front 8

extensive property

Back 8

depend of the amount of matter that is present

Front 9

intensive property

Back 9

do not depend on amount of matter prsent

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physical property

Back 10

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

Front 11

physical change

Back 11

change in a substance that doesn’t involve a change in the identity of the substance

Front 12

change of state

Back 12

physical chng of a substance frm 1 state 2 another

Front 13

solid

Back 13

has def. volume and shape

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liquid

Back 14

has def. volume but indef. shape

Front 15

gas

Back 15

no def. volume of shape

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plasma

Back 16

high temp. physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles tht make up atoms

Front 17

chemical property

Back 17

relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transforms it into diff. substances

Front 18

chemical change/chemical reaction

Back 18

a change in which 1 or more substances are converted into diff. substances

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reactant

Back 19

substances tht react n a chemical chng

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products

Back 20

substances formed by chemical chng

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mixture

Back 21

blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

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homogeneous

Back 22

not uniform throughout

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pure substance

Back 23

has fixed composition

Front 24

group/family

Back 24

vertical columns of periodic table

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period

Back 25

horizontal rows of elements in periodic tbl

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metal

Back 26

element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor

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nonmetal

Back 27

poor conductor of heat and electricity

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metalloid

Back 28

has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

Front 29

scientific method

Back 29

logical approach 2 solving problems by observing & collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, & formulating theories tht r supported by data.

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system

Back 30

specific portion of matter in a given region of space tht has been selected 4 study during an experiment or observation.

Front 31

hypothesis

Back 31

educated guess. testable statement

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model

Back 32

more thn a physical object; it’s often an explanation of hw phenomena occur & hw data or events r related

Front 33

theory

Back 33

a hypothesis tested many times supported by data

Front 34

quantity

Back 34

something tht has magnitude, size or amount

Front 35

SI

Back 35

single measurement system used internationally

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weight

Back 36

measure of gravitational pull on matter

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derived units

Back 37

combos of SI base units

Front 38

volume

Back 38

amount of space occupied by an object

Front 39

density

Back 39

ratio of mass to volume or Density=Mass over Volume

Front 40

conversion factor

Back 40

ratio derived frm equality between 2 different units tht can b used 2 convert from 1 unit 2 the othr

Front 41

dimensional analysis

Back 41

math technique tht allows u 2 use units 2 solve prblms involving measurements

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accuracy

Back 42

the closeness of a number to the accepted value of the quantity measured

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precision

Back 43

how close data #'s r to each othr

Front 44

percentage error

Back 44

calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.

Front 45

scientific notation

Back 45

#’s r written n for of Mx10n, where factor of M is a # < or = to 1 but > 10 & n is a whole #

Front 46

directly proportional

Back 46

dividing 1 quantity by the other gives a constant value. Strght line with + curve

Front 47

inversely proportional

Back 47

product is constant. Hyperbola. Rate of chng n slopes r same.