Chemistry Chap. 4-7

Front 1

Conversion factor

Back 1

a ratio of equivalent measurements used to convert a quantity from one unit to another

Front 2

Dimensional Analysis

Back 2

a technique of problem solving that uses the units that are part of a measurement to help solve the problem

Front 3

Alkali Metal

Back 3

any metal in group 1A of the periodic table

Front 4

Alkaline earth Metals

Back 4

Any metal in groups 2A of the periodic table

Front 5

Atom

Back 5

the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element

Front 6

Atomic Mass

Back 6

the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element

Front 7

atomic mass unit (amu)

Back 7

a unit of mass equal to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Front 8

Atomic Number

Back 8

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Front 9

Cathode Ray

Back 9

a stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode (cathode) of a tube containing a gas at low pressure

Front 10

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Back 10

the first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level

Front 11

Electron

Back 11

a negatively charged subatomic particle

Front 12

Group

Back 12

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; the constituent elements of a group have similar chemical and physical properties

Front 13

Halogen

Back 13

any member of the non-metallic elements in Group 7A of the periodic table

Front 14

Inner Transition Metal

Back 14

an element on the lanthanide and actinide series; characterized by addition of electrons to f orbits

Front 15

Isotope

Back 15

atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses sue to a different number of neutrons

Front 16

Mass Number

Back 16

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 17

Metal

Back 17

one of a class of elements that includes a large majority of the knows elements, metals are characteristically lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity

Front 18

Metalloid

Back 18

one of a class of elements having properties intermediate to metals and nonmetals

Front 19

Neutron

Back 19

a subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu; found in the nucleus of the atom

Front 20

noble gas

Back 20

any member of a group of gaseous element in group 0 of the periodic table; the s and p sublevles of their outermost energy level are filled

Front 21

nonmetal

Back 21

one of a class of elements that are not lustrous and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity; non metals are grouped on the right side of the periodic table

Front 22

nucleus

Back 22

the dense central portion of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons

Front 23

Period

Back 23

a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table

Front 24

periodic law

Back 24

when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties

Front 25

Periodic table

Back 25

an arrangement of elements into rows and columns according to similarities in their properties

Front 26

Proton

Back 26

a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Front 27

Representative element

Back 27

Group A element on the periodic table; together, these elements which have only partially filled outermost s and p sublevels, illustrate the entire range of chemical properties

Front 28

Transition metals

Back 28

Group B element characterized by addition of electrons to d suborbitals

Front 29

anion

Back 29

any atoms or group of atoms with a negative charge

Front 30

Binary compound

Back 30

a compound of two elements; NaCl and Al2O3 are binary compounds

Front 31

Cation

Back 31

any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge

Front 32

chemical formula

Back 32

shows the number and type of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance the chemical formula of ammonia, with one nitrogen and 3 hydrogens, is NH3

Front 33

Formula Unit

Back 33

the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound; in magnesium chloride the ratio of magnesium ions to chloride ions is 1:2 and the formula unit is Mg Cl2

Front 34

Ion

Back 34

an atom of group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge; cations are ions with a positive charge, and anions are ions with a negative charge

Front 35

ionic compound

Back 35

a compound composed of positive and negative ions

Front 36

Law of Definite Proportions

Back 36

in any sample of a chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportions by mass

Front 37

Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 37

whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers

Front 38

Molecular Compound

Back 38

a compound that is composed of molecules

Front 39

Molecular Formula

Back 39

a chemical formula that shows the actual number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound

Front 40

Molecule

Back 40

a neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit

Front 41

Monatomic Ion

Back 41

a single atom with a positive or negative charge as a result of losing or gaining Valence electrons

Front 42

Polyatomic Ion

Back 42

a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a charge

Front 43

Ternary Compound

Back 43

a compound containing atoms of three different elements, usually containing at least one polyatomic ion; Na2CO3 and Mg(OH)2 are ternary ionic compounds

Front 44

Avogardo's Number

Back 44

the number of representative particles contained in one mole of a substance; equal to 6.02 x 10²³ particles

Front 45

empirical Formula

Back 45

a formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound; the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is OH

Front 46

Gram Atomic Mass (gam)

Back 46

the mass, in grams of one mole of atoms in a monatomic element; it is numerically equal to the atomic mass amu

Front 47

Gram Formula Mass (gfm)

Back 47

the mass of one mole of an ionic compound

Front 48

Gram Molecular Mass (gmm)

Back 48

the mass in grams of one mole of a molecular substance

Front 49

Molar Mass

Back 49

a general expression used to refer to the mass of a mole of any substance unless a more specific term is needed to avoid confusion

Front 50

Molar Volume

Back 50

the volume occupies by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP); 22.4 L

Front 51

Mole (mol)

Back 51

The amount of a substance that contains 6.02 x 10²³ representative particles of that substance

Front 52

percent composition

Back 52

the percent by mass of each element in a compound