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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does atomic radius vary across a period? Down a family? Why?
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across period: decreases b/c of addition of protons
down family: increases b/c of addition of energy levels |
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How does I.E. vary across a period? Down a family? Why?
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across period: increases b/c size decreases
Down family: decreases b/c size increases |
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How does e- affinity vary across a period? Down a family?
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across: gets more neg.
down: gets less neg. |
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How do boiling/melting points vary across a period? Down a family?
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across: increase from families 1-6 and decrease from 6-12
down: increase |
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How do you determine the largest/smallest atomic radius?
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closer to Fr the bigger, closer to He the smaller--NO EXCEPTIONS
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How do you determine the largest/smallest I.E.?
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closer to He the bigger, closer to Fr the smaller--watch out from families 2-13 & 15-16
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How do you determine the largest/smallest e- affinity?
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closer to He the bigger, closer to Fr the smaller--throw out families 2, 15,18
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How do you determine the highest/lowest boiling & melting points?
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closer to W(74) the higher they are
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How do you determine the most reactive metal or nonmetal?
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He: most reactive nonmetal
Fr: most reactive metal |
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How do you determine what e- removed from an atom will result in a huge jump in I.E. and why?
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add 1 to the last digit of the family #
b/c you're going to the next lowest energy level ex: Be: 3 |
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Which families have positive e- affinities & which ones have negative?
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positive: 2 & 18
negative: all the rest |
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IONIZATION ENERGY
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the energy needed to remove the most loosely held e- of an atom in the gas phase
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ELECTRON AFFINITY
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the energy released or absorbed when we add an e- to a neutral atom (opp. of I.E.)
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ALKALI METALS
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Family 1
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ALKALINE METALS
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Family 2
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HALOGENS
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Family 17
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NOBLE GASES
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Family 18 (including He)
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TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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d sublevel elements (Fam. 3-12)
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ISOELECTRONIC
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elements/ions which have the same # of e-s
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For pos. and neg. e- affinities, is the neutral element or neg. ion more stable?
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Pos. < neutral element
Neg. > neutral element ex: F- vs. F Kr vs. Kr- |
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Know what charge ions all of the families & transition elements will form & how to give e- configurations.
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Ex:
Mo: [Kr]5s^2 4d^4 Mo2+: [Kr]4d^4 *take e-s from valence shell |
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Know how to identify an ion from its e- configuration.
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X3+ = [Ne]3s^2 3p^6
X3+ = 18e- X = 21e- X = Sc |
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What determines the chemical properties of a neutral element or ion?
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valence e-s
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What do large (-) e- affinities mean?
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large (-) e- affinities = more exothermic = more energy released
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