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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mass
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A measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI unit of mass is the kilogram
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Volume
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A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter
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Extensive property
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A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
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Intensive property
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A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter
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Substance
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Matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance
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Physical property
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A quanity or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition
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Solid
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A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
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Liquid
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A form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape
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Gas
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A form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume
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Vapor
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Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
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Physical change
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A change during which some proporties of a material change, bu the composition of the material does not change
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Mixture
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A physical blen of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
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Heterogeneous mixture
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A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed and throughout the mixture
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Homogeneous mixture
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A mixture that is uniform in composition; components are distributed and not easily distinguished
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Solution
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A homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissovles in a solvent
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Phase
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Any part if a sample with uniform composition and properties
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Filtration
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A process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
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Distillation
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A process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled to produce a vapor that is themn condensed into a liquid
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Element
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The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
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Compound
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A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
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Chemical change
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A change that provides matter with a different composition than the original matter
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Chemical symbol
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A one- or two-letter representation of an element
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Chemical property
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The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
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Chemical reaction
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A change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
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Reactant
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A substance present at the start of a reaction
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Product
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A substance produced in a chemical reaction
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Precipitate
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A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
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Law of conservation of mass
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In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed
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How can properties used to describe matter be classified?
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Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive
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Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?
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Every sample of a given substance has identical intensie properties because every sample has the same composition
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What are three states of matter?
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Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas
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How can physical changes be classified?
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Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible
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How can mixtures be classified?
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Based on the distribution of their components, mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures or as homogeneous mixtures
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How can mixtures be separated?
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Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures
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How ar elements and compounds different?
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Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannnot
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How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?
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If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance.
If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture |
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What do chemists use to represent elements and compounds?
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Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements, and chemical formulas to represent compounds
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What always happens during a chemical change?
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During a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes
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What are four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?
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Possible clues to chemical change include a transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate
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How are the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products of a chemical reaction related?
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During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants
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