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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is aldolase?
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-Glycolytic enzyme
-Found in muscle and other tissues -No more specific for muscle than CK |
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Where is ACE found?
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Normally found in PULMONARY endothelium
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What does ACE do?
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Converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2.
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When can ACE be elevated?
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-Granumatous conditions
*Sarcoid (not specific or diagnostic, may be used to monitor activity) -Elevated in DM, AIDS, hyperthyroidism |
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What are the major sources of acid phosphatase?
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-RBC
-Prostate -Osteoclasts |
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When is acid phos elevated?
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- increased hemolysis
- when prostatic adenoCA extends beyond the capsule of the prostate -increased osteoclast activity (useful for Gaucher's disease) |
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How can you separate out alk phos?
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-Prostate: inhibited
-Osteoclasts: resistant (TRAP) |
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What are the two isofroms of CK-MB and where are they located, How are they used?
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In what situations can cTnT or cTnI be elevated?
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-Renal failre/renal dialysis in the absence of AMI
-cTnT - elevated in ~15% of pts -cTnI - elevated in ~5% of pts *to diagnose AMI in patients with renal failure: LOOK FOR RISE AND FALL |
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What is BNP and what does it do?
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-Natriuetic
-Diuretic -Vasodilation |
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What is CNP?
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-Endothelial and macrophage origin
-No increase in heart failure |
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What is urodilatin?
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-Renal DCT cells
-Same gene as ANP; differential processing |
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Where is CK1 (CKBB) found?
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-Brain
-Prostate -Placenta -Fetal tissue |
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Where is CKMB (CK2) found?
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-Striated muscle
-In cardiac muscle, represents 5-20% of total CK |
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What is Macro-CK2?
Why is it important? |
-It is a large mitochondiral isoenzyme present in many tissues
-Released only with very sever tissue damage and is a poor prognostic sign |
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What is Macro-CK-1?
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-In 1-2% of the population over the age of 60 and in patients with AIDS or autoimmune disease, CK isozenzymes are bound to immunoglobulin
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Describe the structure of BNP.
What tests are available? |
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How is total cholesterol measured?
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How do you calculate LDL?
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Frederickson's classification of lipid disorders:
What are in I, IV, V? |
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Frederickson lipid disorders:
What is in type IIa? |
LDL
-common |
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Frederickson lipid disorders:
What is type IIB3 comprised of?` |
VLDL + LDL
-common |
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Frederickson lipid disorders:
What is in type III? |
IDL
-rare |
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What are the 3 types of apoE?
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-E2: prevents receptor binding, elevated IDL (type III HLP)
-E3: normal receptor binding **E4: inhibits apoB100 binding to LDL-R (Increased risk of Alzheimer's) |
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What can screw up Triglyceride measurements?
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Ketoacidosis
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How do you measure triglycerides?
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-lipase: measure glycerol released
glycerol --glycerol kinase--> glycerol 3P glycerol-3-phostphate metabolized to NADH |
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What lipoprotein modification increases atherogenicity and allow uptake of LDL via scavenger receptor?
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-oxidation
-glycosylation -apo(a) addition -IDL -dense LDL |
