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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How was the Earth's early atmosphere formed? |
By gases produced by Volcanoes. Contains large amounts of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour, hardly any Oxygen and small amounts of other gases. |
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In the early atmosphere how was the amount of Oxygen increased? |
*Earth cools and oceans form from water vapour *Forms of life evolve in the oceans and photosynthesis begins *Oxygen builds up in oceans *Oxygen builds up in atmosphere |
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How does the amount of Carbon Dioxide in the early atmosphere decrease? |
*Carbon dioxide dissolves in the oceans *Marine organisms used the dissolved CO2 to make Calcium Carbonate for shells *Shells of dead marine organisms fall to the sea bed and become part of the sediment *Over millions of years the sediments get squashed and turn in to Sedimentary rock |
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What amount of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon and Carbon Dioxide is in the air? |
Nitrogen- 78% Oxygen- 21% Argon- 0.9% Carbon Dioxide- 0.04% |
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What changes the amount of stuff in the atmosphere? |
*Burning fossil fuels - Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur dioxide (causes acid rain) *Farming - Methane *Deforestation - Carbon dioxide *Volcanoes - Sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide |
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What are the properties of Igneous Rock? |
*Magma or lava solidifies *interlocking crystals *Resistant to erosion *Small Crystals if it cooled quickly (Further away from the heat source) Basalt *Large Crystals if it cooled slowly (Closer to the heat source) Granite |
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What are the properties of Sedimentary Rocks? |
*when layers of sediments are compacted *Erode easily *made of round grains *May contain fossils *Chalk and Limestone (Calcium Carbonate) |
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What are the properties of Metamorphic rocks? |
*From existing rocks by the form of heat *or Pressure from being buried *interlocking crystals *Marble is formed from Chalk or Limestone |
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What can you use Limestone for? |
*Making buildings *Base of roads and railways *raw material to make glass, cement and concrete |
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Advantages of Quarrying |
>Important raw material >Provides jobs >Limestone is exported to other countries, economy >Workers spend money in local shops or businesses |
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Disadvantages of Quarrying |
*Produce dust and noise *destroys habitats for wildlife *Spoil the scenery *Lorries transporting limestone can cause traffic, noise and pollution |
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What is an element? |
A substance that cannot be split into a simpler substance |
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What is an atom? |
Smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical reaction |
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What is a molecule? |
2 or more atoms chemically joined together |
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What is a compound? |
A substance that consists of atoms of different elements chemically joined together |
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What is a mixture? |
Contains different elements or compounds but they are not chemically joined |
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An example of a word equation |
Hydrogen + Chlorine >Hydrogen Chloride |
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An example of a symbol equation |
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) > 2HCl (g) |
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What happens during thermal decomposition? |
Metal carbonates get heated to form an oxide and carbon dioxide. Some carbonates decompose more easily than others. Decomposition happens at a low temp |
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Hardest metal carbonates to easiest to decompose: |
H. Calcium Carbonate Zinc Carbonate E. Copper Carbonate |
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What happens during a precipitation reaction? |
When 2 soluble substances react together to form a product which is insoluble (Precipitate) |
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What can you use a precipitation reaction for? |
To demonstrate the total mass and after a reaction does not change |
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An example of a precipitation reaction: |
Lead nitrate (Soluble) + Potassium Iodide (Soluble) > Potassium Nitrate (Soluble) + Lead Iodide (Insoluble - Precipitate) |
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What is Limewater used for testing? |
Carbon dioxide. Limewater turns cloudy |
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What happens to calcium carbonate when it is heated? |
Undergoes thermal decomposition, forms Calcium oxide and Carbon dioxide |
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What happens to calcium oxide when water is added? |
*Heat is released *Fizzes *Steam is given off *Calcium Hydroxide is produced |
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What can Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide all be used for? |
Neutralise acidic compounds |
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What do farmers use calcium compounds for? |
Neutralising acidic soils so their crops grow better |
