Chemistry: Bonds

Front 1

valence electrons

Back 1

electrons in the highest occupies energy level of an elements atom

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electrons involved in chemical reactions are

Back 2

valence electrons

Front 3

Ionic bond is made of a

Back 3

-a metal and a non-metal

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ionic bonds are caused by

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the transfer of electrons

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characteristics of ionic bonds

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-high boil and melting point
-can conduct electricity when disolved or molten
-usually crystalline solid

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characteristics of metalic bonds

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-they have free floating electrons
-good conductors
-malleable

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metals are made of

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closely packed cations that are surrounded by mobile valence electorns

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alloy

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mixture composed of 2 or more elements- one is a metal

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single covalent bond

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one pair of electrons are shared

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covalent bond is

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shared electrons b/t nonmetals

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double and triple convalent bonds

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two/three shared pairs of electrons

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coordinate covalent bonds

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happens when the more electronegative atom donates electrons b/c it makes the compound more stable

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diamagnetic

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substance that is weakly repelled by a magnetic force

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paramagnetic

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substance that is strongly attracted to a magnetic field; these substances have molecules containing one or more unpaired electrons

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convalent bond

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-non-metals
-sharing electrons

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diatomic molecules are the only ones that

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have equal sharing of electrons

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all bonds have

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ionic and covalent properties

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molecular orbitals

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atomic orbitlas overlap when 2 atoms combine

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bonding orbitals

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molecular orbitals whose energy is lower than that of the atomic orbital from which it was formed

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sigma bond

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a bond that is symmetrical along the axis connecting the 2 atomical nucli

Front 21

pi bonds

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bonding electrons are found in sausage shaped regions above and below the nucli of the bonded atoms

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VSEPR Theory

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valence shell electron repulsion theory
-electrons paris repel bonded pairs
-molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible

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methane

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tetrahedral

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ammonia

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pyramidal

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water

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bent

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carbon dioxide

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linear

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ionic bonds are b/t a

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metal and non-metal

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ionic melt at a

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high temp

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ionics are a ___ conductor

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good when disolved or molten

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ionics do what with their electrons

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transfer electrons

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ionics state is

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solid--crystalline

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covalents are b/t a

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metal a non-metal

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covalent have a __ melting

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low melting point

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covalent are __ conductors

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poor conductors

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covalent do what with their electrons

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share electrons

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covalent state is

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solid, liquid, gas

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metalis is b/t

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metal and metal

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metalic have a __ melting

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high to low melting point

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metalics are __ conductors

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good conductors

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metalics electrons are

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free floating electrons

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metalics state is

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solid--crystalline

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polar are

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nonsymmetrical and have a + and - charge

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nonpolar are

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symmetrical

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ammonium carbonate

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NH[4](CO[3[)[2]

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sigma bond

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formed when 2 atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital (they overlap) that is symmetrical along axis connecting the 2 atomic nucli

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pi bond

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bonding electrons form susage shaped regions above and below the atomic mucli

Front 47

methane

Back 47

tetrahedral

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ammonia

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pyramidal

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water

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bent

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CO2

Back 50

linear