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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Matter |
Occupies space and has mass or weight can touch taste smell or see |
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Energy |
Does not occupy space or have mass |
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Elements |
Cannot be reduced without loss of identity 118 known 98 naturally occurring Identified by letter symbol |
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Atom |
Basic unit of matter. Nucleus at center surrounded by negatively charged electrons |
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Electrons |
Move around the nucleus in orbits |
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Nucleus |
Consists of protons and neutrons |
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Protons |
In nucleus with positive charge |
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Neutrons |
In nucleus with no charge (neutral) |
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Molecule |
A chemical combination Made by combining two or more atoms in definite proportions |
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Elemental molecule |
Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element |
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Compound molecules |
Also known as compounds chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions |
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Physical change |
A physical change in matter is a change in form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance |
Include color, solubility, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness and glossiness. |
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Chemical change |
Change in the chemical composition or makeup if a substance. Caused by chemical reaction that create new chemical substances |
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Physical properties |
Are characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and do not involve a chemical change in the substance |
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Chemical properties |
Characteristics that can be determined only by chemical reaction and involve a chemical change in the substance. Examples include ability of iron to rust, wood burn, or hair to change color through the use of hair color and hydrogen peroxide |
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Solution |
Is a stable uniform mixture of two or more substances |
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Solute |
Is the substance that is dissolved in a solution |
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Solvent |
Is the substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution |
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Miscible |
Liquids that can be mixed together to form solutions. Contain small particles invisible to eye. Usually transparent do not separate when left still |
Water and alcohol |
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Immiscible |
Liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form solutions. Can be mixed but when left still they will separate. These form suspensions |
Water and oil |
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Suspensions |
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid. Compared with solutions contain larger and fewer miscible particles. Unstable separate over time |
Glitter nail polish |
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Emulsion |
Unstable mixture of two or more Immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called emulsifier |
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Emulsifier |
An emulsifier is an ingredient that brings to normally incompatible materials together and binds them into uniform and fairly stable mixture |
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Surfactant |
Substances that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify . A surfactant molecule has two different parts. The head is hydrophilic Or attracting water the tail is lipophilic having an affinity for or an attraction to fata and oil |
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soap |
Soaps were the first surfactant people began making so about 4500 years ago |
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Oil and water emulsion |
Oil droplets are emulsified in water. droplets of oil are surrounded by surfactant molecule. oil in water in emulsion do not feel as greasy as water in oil because the oil is hidden and water forms that external portion of the emulsion |
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Water in oil emulsion |
Water droplets are emulsified in oil the droplets of water are surrounded by surfactant with their hydrophilic head pointing in and their lipophilic tail pointing out the droplets of water formed the internal portion of a W in O emulsion Because the water is completely surrounded by oil. water in oil emulsion feel greasier than oil in water emulsions |
Styling cream cold cream suntan lotion foot balm |
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Volatile alcohol |
Evaporate easily search as isopropyl alcohol ethyl alcohol |
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Alkanolamines |
Alkaline substances used to neutralize acid or raise the pH of many hair products |
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Ammonia |
A colorless gas composed of hydrogen and nitrogen That has a pungent odor it is used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft |
Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate or example of compounds used to perform chemical services |
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glycerin |
Sweet colorless oily substance used as a solvent And as a moisturizer in skin and body cream |
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Silicone |
Special type of oil used in hair conditioner water resistant lubricant for the skin and nail polish dryers silicones are less crazy than other oil and form a breathable found that does not cost blackheads silicone also give a silky smooth feeling to the skin and great shine to hair |
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Volatile organic compounds |
Contain carbon and evaporate very easily for example Ethyl alcohol |
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Non-toxic |
A made up marketing term that has no precise scientific meaning |
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Over exposure |
Refers to how prolong repeat it or long-term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people |
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pH |
PH is an abbreviation of potential hydrogen p represent quantity H represent hydrogen ions |
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PH scale |
Used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of substances it has a range of 0 to 14 a pH of seven is neutral pH below seven indicate acidic pH above seven indicates alkaline |
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Alpha hydroxy acid |
Derived from plants mostly fruit Are examples of acid often used to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the ph of lotion conditioner or cream |
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Thioglycolic acid |
A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solution |
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Glycolic acid |
an alpha hydroxy acid use an exfoliation and to lower the pH of product |
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Alkalis |
Known as bases owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion. React with acids to form salts. Slippery and soapy on the skin |
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Sodium hydroxide |
Known as lye, strong alkali used in chemical relaxers . Dangerous if gets into eyes |
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Exothermic reaction |
When certain chemical reactions release heat |
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Combustion |
The rapid oxidation of a substance |
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