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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and volume |
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Mass |
Amount of material the objects have Ex: g, kg |
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Volume |
Space occupied by the object Ex: ml, L |
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Extensive |
Depends on the amount of matter in the sample Ex: mass, volume, length |
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Intensive |
Depends on the type of matter, not the amount present Ex: hardness, density, boiling point |
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Physical Properties |
Can be observed and measured without changing the material's composition Ex: color, hardness, melting Pt |
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Chemical Properties |
Can only be observed by changing the composition of the material Ex: ability to burn, decompose, react with |
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States Of Matter |
Solid Liquid Gas |
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Solid |
Matter that can not flow (definite shape) & has definite volume |
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Liquid |
Definite volume but takes the shape of its container(flows) |
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Gas |
A substance without definite volume or shape & can flow |
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Plasma |
Is an ionized gas -good conductor of electricity by magnetic forces Ex:Flames, lightning, auroa |
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Physical Change |
Change that doesn't change the identity of the substance Ex: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling |
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Changes of states |
Deposition Gas-solid-gas-liquid-melting Freezing, condensation, sublimation, evaporation |
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Chemical Change |
A change in which a substance is converted into a different substance (doesn't change amount of matter) Reactants=before Products=after Ex: wood rotting, burning sugar |
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Exothermic |
Reaction that gives off energy (feels warm on outside) |
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Endothermic |
Reaction that uses up energy (feels cold on outside) |
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Pure Substance |
Matter that has only one set of chemical and physical properties Ex: pure water |
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Types Of Substances |
Elements Compounds |
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Elements |
Simplest kind of matter -cannot be broken down any simpler -Only one kind of atom |
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Compounds |
Made up of two or more atoms, chemically combined (not just physical blend) -can be broken down only by chemical methods |
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Types of Elements |
Metals Non metals Metalloids |
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Metals |
-Good conductor of electricity -All room temp., most are solids Malleable Ductile -Most have slivery/grayish white luster |
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Non Metals |
-Poor conductor of heat & electricity -Many are gases at room temp. -Some are solids, usually brittle not malleable |
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Metalloids |
-Have some characteristics of metals & non metals -Appear along staircase line -Semiconductor Ex: B, Si, Ge, As |
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Types of compounds |
Acids Base |
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Acids |
Sour taste Turns blue litmus paper, red Has pH of less than 7 Corrodes metals Contains H Ex: HCl, HNO3 |
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Base |
Bitter taste(milk of magnesia) Feels slippery Turns red litmus, blue pH of more than 7 Ionizes OH -(hydroxide) ions in solutions Ex: NaOH, KOH |
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Mixtures |
Are a physical blend of at least two substances; have a variable composition, either: Heterogeneous Homogeneous |
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Heterogeneous |
The mixture is not uniform in composition Ex: chocolate chip cookie, gravel, oil & water |
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Homogeneous |
Same composition throughout, called "solutions" Ex: koolaid, air, salt water |
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Colloids |
A dispersion of liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas called an aerosol. In BTW heterogeneous & homogeneous but more heterogeneous Thick Ex: fine dust, cloud droplets |
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Suspension |
System does not stay stable and settles -heterogeneous Ex: mud, flour suspended in water, dust particles, chalk powder suspended in water, algae in water |
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Tyndall effect (colloids) |
You can see the light passes through a colloid or suspended (particles scatter light) |
