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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemistry?
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The study of matter.
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What is matter?
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Anything that has mass and occupies space. (Like a flag, a computer, but not a voice, light, etc.)
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Is air matter?
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YES. It has mass and takes up space.
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What is organic chemistry?
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The study of carbon compounds.
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What is biochemistry?
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The study of life (i.e. the chemistry related to biology)
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What is physical chemistry?
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The study of non-living things (like a desk, or air.)
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What is analytical chemistry?
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The use of chemistry to analyze things.
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What is inorganic chemistry?
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The study of non-carbon compounds.
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What is the difference between pure chemistry and applied chemistry?
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Pure chemistry is the study of chemistry for pure knowledge (for instance, how does hydrogen react with Lithium) while applied chemistry is applying chemistry knowledge to everyday life. (For instance- my pool has germs- I should add chlorine).
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What is a pure substance?
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Something that is uniform and all of the same substance (can be compound or element).
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What is an element?
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Something that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
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What is a compound?
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Two or more elements chemically combined, always in the same ratio.
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What is a molecule?
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A substance that contains covalent bonds.
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What is an atom?
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The smallest possible particle that can still be a specific element.
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What is a mixture.
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Two or more elements and/or compounds that aren't chemically combined. (Anything that isn't a pure element or compound.)
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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Solution evenly distributed throughout.
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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A mixture that is not evenly dispersed.
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What are some properties of a solid?
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Have definite (or fixed) shape and voluime. The particles are held fairly rigidly in place.
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What are some properties of a liquid?
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Have a definite volume but no fixed shape. The particles in a liquid are free to flow around each other.
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What are sdome propeties of a gas?
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Have neither definite or fixed shape or volume. The particles in a gas are widely disburse, interact weakly, move independently at high speed, and completely fill any container they occupy.
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What is a physical change?
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Changes in which the basic identity of a substance does NOT change. For instance- phase change, wax melting, crushing a rock, salt dissolving in water.
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What is a chemical change?
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There is a change in the identities of the substance and new substances with different identities are formed. Example: sodium iodide+lead nitrate becomes lead iodide and sodium nitrate.
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In a reaction, what are the reactants? What are the products.
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Reactants- Used up in the reaction. Products- produced in reaction.
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What did John Dalton say about the structure of the atom?
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All elements are made up of atoms. Atoms of same element are same. Different elements are different. Chemical reactions are rearrangements of atoms.
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What didn't Dalton account for in his theory?
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Isotopes, protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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What was JJ Thomposn's atomic model called?
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Plum Pudding.
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What was Rutherford's atomic theory?
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Small dense, positively charged nucleus,
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Bohr's theory was....
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Rings around nucleus with electrons.
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How did Rutherford come up with his theory?
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Put a gold thing in center and piece of radioactivity, and thus proved that nucleus is where most of mass is contained, and is mostly empty space. The only place with positively charge is nucleus.
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What is the periodic table organized by?
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Increasing atomic number. NOT increased atomic mass. (This is mostly true, but with a few exceptions, all are by atomic #.)
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What is group 1 called?
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Alkali metals
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What is group 2 on periodic table called?
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Alkali earth metals.
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What is group 17 called?
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Halogens
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What is group 18 called?
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Noble gasses
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What are noble gases
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Group 18 elements, have full outer shells, so usually don't react.
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What is transmutation?
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Nuclear change in nucleus of atom.
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What is an isotope?
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Same atomic number, but different atomic mass.
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What is transmutation?
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Nuclear change in nucleus of atom.
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What is a radioisotope?
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A radioactive isotope.
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What is an isotope?
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Same atomic number, but different atomic mass.
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What does raedioactive mean?
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The nucleus decays.
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What is a radioisotope?
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A radioactive isotope.
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What is alpha decay?
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A Helium 4 nucleus is released by atom.
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What does raedioactive mean?
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The nucleus decays.
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What is alpha decay?
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A Helium 4 nucleus is released by atom.
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What is beta decay?
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release of electron (from neutron, which turns into proton.)
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what is gamma decay?
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Electromagnetic radiation, no weight.
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What is positron?
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Has a positive charge, but is weight of electron.
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What is a covalent bond?
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A bond with a sharing of electron paris. non-metal to non-metal.
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What is ionic bonds?
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When one or more electrons is transferred. metal to non-metal.
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