Chemistry 60

Front 1

Acids

HCl (aq) + H2O = H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

Back 1

Donate Protons

HCl acid H3O conjugate base

H2O Base and Cl- conjugate acid

Front 2

Bases

Back 2

- form OH-

- NaOH (s) = Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Front 3

Acidic Ph

Back 3

- 4

- H3O+ = 10^-4

Front 4

Neutral Ph

Back 4

- Ph = 7

- H3O+ = 10^-7

Front 5

Basic Ph

Back 5

- Ph =11

- H3O+ = 10^-11

Front 6

Relationship between;

[H3O+] [OH-] [pH]

Back 6

- H30+ and pH are relative; example: H3O+ = 10^-5 than pH = 5

- H30+ and OH- = -14, example: if H3O+ = 10^-5 than OH- = 10^9

Front 7

Acids

Back 7

- electrolytes

- strong acids = strong electrolytes

- weak acids = weak electrolytes

Front 8

common structural features of acids

Back 8

- formula start with H

- OH group

- another O atom

Front 9

bronstead-lowry theory

Back 9

- when acid and base react, conjugate base is made

Front 10

Spectator Ions

Back 10

ramain unchanged on both sides of the equaion

Front 11

Amphiprotic molecules and Ions

Back 11

- gan or lose H+

- water is example

- negative ions losing H+

- compounds can be amphiprotic

- are molecules and compounds that can act both as an acid or base in reaction

Front 12

common examples of amphiprotic are

Back 12

glycine which can donate ther H or receive on their Nitrogen

Front 13

Buffers

Back 13

resist change in pH

contain conjugate acid-base pair

pH buffer close to pKa conjugate

pKa compares strenght of acids

pH buffer system can be fine tuned

Front 14

Roles of buffers in human physiology

Back 14

ph< 7.35 = acidosis

pH> 7.45 = alkolosis

Important 3 buffers

protein, phosphate, and carbonic acid buffer system

Front 15

4 types of hydrocarbons

Back 15

alkanes

alkenes

alkynes

aromatic

Front 16

Alkane

Back 16

alkanes do not contain double or triple bonds

Front 17

alkene

Back 17

alkenes contain at least one carbon carbon double bond

Front 18

alkyne

Back 18

contain at least on carbon carbon triple bond

Front 19

aromatic compound

Back 19

contain a six membered ring of carbon atom liked by alternating single and double bonds

Front 20

CH4 or 1 carbon

Back 20

Methane

Front 21

Ch3-Ch3 or 2 carbons

Back 21

Ethane

Front 22

Ch3-ch2-ch3 or 3 carbons

Back 22

propane

Front 23

4 carbons alkane

Back 23

butane

Front 24

5 carbons alkane

Back 24

pentane

Front 25

6 carbons alkane

Back 25

hexane

Front 26

7 carbon alkane

Back 26

heptane

Front 27

8 carbon alkane

Back 27

octane

Front 28

9 carbon alkane

Back 28

nonane

Front 29

10 carbon alkane

Back 29

decane

Front 30

alkanes

Back 30

c atom forms tetrahedrals

zigzag

Front 31

full structural

Back 31

shows everything

Front 32

condensed structural

Back 32

shows atoms compact formula

ch3-ch2-ch3

Front 33

Isomers and constitutional

Back 33

isomers are several types

constitutional are different shapes and have different phys and chem propoerties

Front 34

Cycloalkanes

Back 34

are related to alkanes and not different

form line structures in form of shape

Front 35

naming alkanes

Back 35

find principla chain

number c atoms

assemble complete name

Front 36

Ch3 -

Back 36

methyl

Front 37

2 carbón in alkyl

Back 37

ethyl

Front 38

- ch2 - ch2- ch3

Back 38

propyl

Front 39

ch3-ch-ch3

Back 39

isopropil

Front 40

4 carbons in alkyl

Back 40

butyl

Front 41

Alkanes with 2 or more identical branches

Back 41

add di, tri and tetra

separate group by commas

Front 42

alkyl groups

Back 42

ignore di tri and tetra

Front 43

cis and trans isomers

Back 43

- cis isomer will be on the same side of the double bond

- trans will be on opposite side of double bond