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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the best way to show the existence of the tiny particles that make up matter?
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use certain experiments as indirect evidence to varify the particulate theory
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give 4 examples of the experiments that can be used
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diffusion, dilution, brownian motion and osmosis
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what does the particulate theory state?
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all matter is made up of particles
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what does the kinetic theory state?
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that all particles have the energy to move all the time.
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what is diffusion?
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the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration until they are equally distributed
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what is dilution?
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the addition of solvent to reduce the concentration of a mixture. This is mainly seen in liquids
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the random haphazard seen mainly in gases is known as what?
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brownian motion
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what is osmosis?
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the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
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Why are the particles in a solid closely packed together?
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so that the forces of attraction between them are very strong and free movement of the particles is restricted
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give two other characteristics of solids
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they are arranged in a fixed pattern of vibrating masses and they also have a definite volume and shape.
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what is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
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In osmosis, the paricles move across a semi-permeable membrane while in diffusion there is no membrane
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what are the similarities between dilution and diffusion?
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the concentration is changed during both processes
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what are the similarities between osmosis and diffusion
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in both processes, particles are moved from an area of high to low concentration
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how is a liquid formed?
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when a solid is heated, the molecules begin to vibrate faster as they absorb more energy.The particles become more mobile as they crystal structure breaks down. it is now known as liquid
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give two characteristics of liquids
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they have no definite shape but a definite volume
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true/false. The particles in a liquid are more compressible than in a solid and have more energy
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true
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what is evaporation?
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this is when liquid is heated and some particles obtain enough energy to escape into the atmosphere
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give 3 characteristics of gases
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they have no definite volume or shape but they fill the entire container into which they are placed
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gases can be compressed into what?
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liquids
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what is the opposite of melting?
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freezing
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the melting point is equal to what?
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the freezing point
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when water is heated some of the particles become what?
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vapour
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give another name for freezing
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solidification
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the boiling point is equal to what?
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the condensation point
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what is the opposite of melting?
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freezing
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the melting point is equal to what?
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the freezing point
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when water is heated some of the particles become what?
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vapour
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give another name for freezing
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solidification
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the boiling point is equal to what?
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the condensation point
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what is the opposite of boling?
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condensation
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the minute particles of matter are called?
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atoms
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name the three basic types of particles that an atom consists of
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protons, neutrons and electrons
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negatively charged particles that orbit or revolve in energy levels or shells are known as?
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electrons
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positively charged particles are known as what?
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protons
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what are neutral particles called?
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neutrons
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give the two things that make up a nucleus in an atom
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protons and neutrons
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what is the heavy part of the atom called?
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nucleus
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the first energy level
the second energy level the third energy level the fourth energy level |
2 electrons
8 electrons 8 electrons 8 electrons |
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In what year did Newlands point out that when elements were placed in order of increasing atomic mass, every eighth element was found to be similar?
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1864
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what was this relationship known as?
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The Law of Octaves
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In what year did meyer and mendeleev publish a new table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic mass and were classified into families which emerged becasue of periodic repetition of similar properties
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1869
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what did meyer use to develop his table?
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atomic volume and density(physical properties)
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what did mendeleev use?
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valency and acid base formation(chemical properties)
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the periodic table is divided into two main groups; vertically called?
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groups
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horizontally called?
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periods
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what is used to write the electronic configuration
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the electrons
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what does the last number in the electronic configuration show?
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how many electrons are in the last or valence shell
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what does the last number tell?
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the column(group) the element is in
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True/False.
The electrons with the same energy level occupy the same shell. |
true
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What is the arrangement of the electrons in the shells known as....?
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the electronic configuration of the atom
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What are atoms compared to?
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carbon-12
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Why is carbon-12 used?
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It is found all over the world and in large stable quantities
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Atomic mass units used to be called...
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Daltons
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What is the difference between mass and weight?
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Mass is the amount of substance while weight is the force exerted on a substance by gravity
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Name some places carbon is found in
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-air -all living material
-soil -rocks -water |
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Another name for hydrogen is....
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proton
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Carbon is a _______ solid.
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-black
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What is an element made up of?
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atoms of one kind and is the smallest entity that can be found in the lab
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In what year did Newlands point out that when elements were placed in order of increasing atomic mass, every eighth element was found to be similar?
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1864
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what was this relationship known as?
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The Law of Octaves
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In what year did meyer and mendeleev publish a new table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic mass and were classified into families which emerged becasue of periodic repetition of similar properties
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1869
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what did meyer use to develop his table?
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atomic volume and density(physical properties)
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what did mendeleev use?
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valency and acid base formation(chemical properties)
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the row with lanthanum is known as what?
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lanthanids
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What is each element given for convenience?
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a symbol,often comes from the first two letters of the elements name-
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The latin name for the element Sodium is ..
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Natum
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The latin name for the element Lead....
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Plumbum
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the last number tells what?
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which column(group) the element is in and this is written in roman numerals
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the number of shells or digits tells what?
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which row of period the element is in and this is written in arabic numerals
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the central region between groups two and three contain what?
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the transition elements
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the two rows at the botton of the table are what?
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man-made
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the row with lanthanum is known as?
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lanthanids
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the row with the actinium is called?
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actinids
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the step-like line separates what
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the metals(leftside) and the non metals(right side)
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some elements near the line are called what
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metalloids because they exhibit properties similar to both metals and non-metals
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examples are
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carbon, silicon, phosphorus and sulphur
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group one is often called
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alkali metals
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group two is known as
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alkaline earth metals
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group seven is called
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halogens
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group zero is known as the
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rare gases, inert elements or noble gases
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