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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties
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What makes up a substance
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Matter
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A general term for the substance that all physical objects consist of
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WHMIS
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
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States of matter
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The states a substance is in at different temperatures eg. gas, liquid, solid and plasma
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Melting
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When a material moves from a solid state to a liquid state
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Evaporation
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When a substance moves from a liquid state to a gas state
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Freezing/solidification
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When a substance moves from a liquid state to a solid state
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Sublimation
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When a substance moves directly from a solid to a gas without the liquid state
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Condensation
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A substance moving from a gas state to a liquid state
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Deposition
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When a substance moves directly from a gas to a solid without the liquid state
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Physical properties
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A property that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of that matter ex. appearance, texture, colour, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others
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Physical change
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-A material changes form but not composition
-No new substances are formed -Includes dissolving -Ex. Color, texture, luster, smell, state, melting point, hardness, malleability, ductility, crystal, shape, viscosity, solubility, density, and conductivity |
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Chemical property
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Any of a substances properties that is observed during a chemical reaction
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Chemcial change
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-Occurs when two or more substances react and create one or more new substances
-Often permanent although not always -Ex. Combustion -Includes changes in colour, odour -Includes formation of a gas in a liquid, a solid in a gas -Release or absorbtion of energy -Original materials are used up -At least one new substance is formed (this is the only guarantee it is a chemical change) |
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Pure substance
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A substance made up of only on element
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Element
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The base substance of all materials on earth
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Periodic Table
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A table that shows all known elements and orders them based on their charcteristics
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Compound
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A mixture of more than one element
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Mixture
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When two different substances are combined but not chemically
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Solution
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A mixture where a solute is dissolved into a solute ex. salt into water
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Mechanical mixture
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q
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Suspension
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q
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Colloid
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A substance dispersed evenly throughout another substance
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Alchemy
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An ancient study of elements centered around finding a mystical philosophers stone capable of turning base metals into gold or silver and create an elixir of life. Alchemy contributed to the discovery of many elements
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Atom
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The smallest possible pice of an element
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Protons
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Positive charges within an atom
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Neutrons
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Balanced charges within an atom
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Electrons
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Negative charges within an atom
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Electron shell
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Sort of an electrical orbit that electrons move around in. Electrons can move shell to shell by gaining or losing energy
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Valence electron
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An electron in the outermost shell of an atom
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Nucleus
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The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
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Atomic number
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The number of elctrons, protons, and the approximate number of neutrons in an atom
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Atomic mass
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The combined weight of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
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Metal/non-metal/metalloid
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Metal-an element that is a good conductor of electricity and heat
Non-metal-an element that is not a metal Metalloid-A element that is in between metal and non-metal |
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Families/groups
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Groups of element with the same number of valence electrons
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Periods
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Groups of elements listed in order of atomic number
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Halogens
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The elements in group 17 of the periodic table
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Noble gases
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The elements with full outer shells so they are not reactive
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Alkaline-earth metals
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The elements in group 2 on the peiodic table
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Alkali metals
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The elements in group 1 on the periodic table excluding hydrogen
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Chemical formulas
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A way of showing the atoms that make up a chemical compound
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Ion
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An atom in which the number of elctrons and the number of protons are not equal
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Ionic compound
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A compound formed between a metal and non-metal
One element gives electrons and one gains electrons |
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Molecular/covalent compound
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Form between non-metals
Electrons are shared |
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Molecule
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A neutral group of two or more atoms held together with chemical bonds
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Reactant
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A material that will cause a chemical change
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Product
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Something that is the end resuly of a reaction
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Chemical reaction
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A reaction caused by the mixing of two or more substances that react together
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Exothermic vs endothermic reaction
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Endothermic-a process where a material absorbs heat
Exothermic-A process where a material releases heat |
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Combustion
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An exothermic reaction where a material is ignited causing an explosion
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Corrosion
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When a material is worn down to into the atoms that make it up because of chemical reactions
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Cellular respiration vs photosynthesis
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The conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds using the energy from sunlight
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Open vs closed system
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Closed system-exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings
Open system-Can exchange heat and matter with its surroundings |
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Conservation of mass
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The mass of the products must equal the mass of the reactants
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Catalyst
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Something that makes a reaction happen faster but is not used up by the reaction
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