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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemical nomenclature?
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The system used in naming substances in chemistry
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What are organic compounds?
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compounds that have carbon in it.
Excluding carbon dioxide |
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What are inorganic compounds?
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Everything that doesn't include carbon and carbon dioxide
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How would you name a cation formed from a metal atom?
Ex: Na+ or Al+ |
the name of the metal itself.
Na+ = sodium ion Al+ = aluminum ion |
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If a metal can form different cation, how do we name the metal?
Ex: Cu+ or Cu^(2+) |
We put the roman numeral in a parentheses after the name.
Ex: Copper(I) ion Ex: Copper (II) ion |
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What is the name of metals that can form more than one cation?
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transition metals
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How do we name cations formed from nonmetal atoms?
EX: NH4+ or H3O+ |
we add an -ium
ammonium or hydronium |
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How do we name a monatomic anion?
Ex: H- or O2- |
By replacing the end of the name of the element with -ide
Ex: hydride ion or oxide ion |
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What are oxyanions?
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Polyatomic anions containing oxygen.
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How do we name oxyanions?
NO3- or NO2- |
add an -ate or -ite for atoms with one O atom fewer.
nitrate nitrite |
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For an oxyanion, how do we indicate an atom has one more O than the oxyanion ending in ate?
Ex: ClO3- chlorate ion. |
By adding the prefix per-
ClO4- perchlorate ion |
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For an oxyanion, how do we indicate an atom that has one less O than the oxyanion ending in ite?
Ex: ClO2- Chlorite ion |
By adding the prefix hypo-
ClO- hypoclorite ion |
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How many oxygen do carbonate and nitrate ion (found in the second period) have?
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three oxygen
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How many oxygen do phophate, sulfate, and perchlorate ion (found in period 3) have?
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four oxygen
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How do we name an anion that has an H+ added to an oxyanion?
Ex: CO3^(2-) carbonate ion What is HCO3- |
By adding the prefix hydrogen or dihydrogen.
hydrogen carbonate ion |
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What is another way of saying hydrogen carbonate ion?
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bicarbonate ion
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How do we name ionic compounds?
Ex: CaCl2 |
The cation name followed by the anion name.
Calcium chloride |
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What are acids?
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A substance whose molecules yield hydrogen ions (H+) when dissoved in water.
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How do we name acids containing anions whose names end in -ide?
Ex: Cl- (chloride) to HCl |
By changing the -ide to -ic and adding the word acid.
hydrochloric acid |
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How do we name the acids containing anions whose name ends in -ate or -ite?
EX:ClO3- (chlorate) to HClO3 or ClO2- (chlorite) or ClO- (hypochlorite) |
By changing -ate to -ic and -it to -ous and adding the word acid.
chloric acid chlorous acid hypoclous acid |
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True or False: When naming binary molecular compounds, we usually name the element on the farther right first.
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False. The name of the element farther to the left in the periodic table is usually written first.
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True or False: When naming binary molecular compounds, if both elements are in the same group in the periodic table, the one having the higher atomic number is named first.
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True.
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When naming binary molecular compounds,what is the ending given to the second element?
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-ide
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When naming binary molecular compounds, how do we indicate the number of atoms of each element?
Ex: Cl2O |
By using the Greek prefixes (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca)
dichlorine monoxide |
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True or False: You can predict the formula of molecular substances in the same way you can predict the formula for ionic compounds.
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False. You cannot predict the formula of most molecular substances.
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How do we name molecular substances?
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by using prefixes that explicitly indicate their composition.
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True or False: When naming a compound, if it has a hydrogen atom, you can treat it like an H+ and name the ionic compound accordingly.
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True. Compounds that contain hydrogen and one other element can be treated as if they were neutral substances containing H+ ions and anions.
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