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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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12 Essential Metals |
-Ca -K -Mg -Cr -Na -Zn -Cu -Ni -Mo |
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4 Toxic Metals |
-Cd -Hg -Pb -As |
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What are minerals? |
- Inorganic substances that are required in the body in small amounts. |
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6 Trace elements in humans |
-Fe -Zn -I -F -Se -Cu |
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Most common nutritional deficiency |
-Iron deficiency anemia (Iodine deficiency is pretty common too). |
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Zn Triad |
Zinc Cadmium Mercury |
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Nitrogen triad |
Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic Antomony (Sb) Bismuth |
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3 ways of classifying essential metals |
- Content: The total sum of all the atoms in your body. Doesn't tell you role/function. - Nutrition: Metals you need to consume in your diet. Best way to determine a metals function. - Role: If you understand all the chemistry of the metal, you know its roles in biological systems. |
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Other name for Vitamin B12 |
Cobalamin |
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Transient vs permanent metals |
Transient: Required by enzymes to carry out a rx. (E.g Mg2+ or Ca2+) Permanent: Are directly incorperated to a protein, and doesn't leave. (E.g Fe hemoglobin or Zn fingers). |
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Elements in the same column... |
Have the same # of valence electrons, have similar chemistry, and often lead to toxicity. |
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Elements in the same row... |
Have different # of valence electrons, have different chemistry, doesnt correlate toxicity |
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Typically, heavy metals are... |
Toxic. But the toxicity of a metal is dependent on the complex the metal is in (e.g. Bi alone is toxic, Bi with ligands is not toxic) |
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Cu triad |
Copper Silver Gold |
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Reactive oxygen species vs antioxidants |
Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive compounds - Superoxide: (O2)- -Hydroxyl radical: OH• -Peroxyl radical: HO2 - Hypoclorite - Single oxygen: O• Antioxidants counter ROS by acting as an electron donor. - Ascorbic acid |
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Writing out oxidation #'s |
C= +/- 0 H= +1 O= -2 OH= -1 NH2= -1 |
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Which essential trace metals are present in over 1 gram? |
Iron (4.2g) Zinc (2.3g) |
