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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alpha radiation
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a type of radioactive emission
a helium nucleus |
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atom
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the smallest particle that retains the chemical properties of an element.
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atomic mass
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the weighted average mass of an element’s naturally occurring atoms.
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atomic mass unit
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amu
a convenient unit of mass 1/12th the mass of a 12C atom 6 |
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atomic number
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Z
the number of protons in an atom’s numleus. |
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avogadro’s number
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NA
the number of units in a mole 6.022x10^23 |
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beta radiation
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a type of radioactive emission consisting of electrons.
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chemical compound
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a chemical substance composed of atoms of more than one element.
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chemical equation
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a format for writing a chemical reaction, listing reactants on the left, products on the right, and an arrow between them.
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chemical formula
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a format for listing the number and kind of constituent elements in a compound.
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electron
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a negatively charged, fundamental atomic particle.
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electron capture
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a nuclear reaction in which a proton in the nucleus captures an inner-shell electron and is thereby converted into a neutron.
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element
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a fundamental substand that cannot be chemically changed or broken down into anything simpler.
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gamma radiation
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a type of radioactive emission consisting of a stream of high energy photons.
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isotope
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atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
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law of definite proportions
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different samples of a pure chemical substance always contain the same proportion of elements by mass.
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law of mass conservation
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mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
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law of multiple proportions
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when two elements combine in different ways to form different substances, the mass ratios are small, whole-number multiples of one another.
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mass number
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A
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. |
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molar mass
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the mass of 1 mol of substance; equal to the molecular or formula mass of the substance in grams.
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mole
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mol
the SI unit for amount of substance; the quality of a substance that contains as many molecules or formula units as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12. |
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nuclear chemistry
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the study of the properties and reactions of atomic nuclei.
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nuclear equation
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an equation for a nuclear reaction in which the sums of the nucleons are the on both sides and the sums of the charges on the nuclei and any elementary particles are the same on both sides.
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nucleon
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a general term for both protons and neutrons.
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neutron
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a neutral, fundamental atomic particle in the nucleus of atoms.
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nucleus
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the central core of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
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positron emission
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a nuclear reaction that converts a proton into a neutron into a neutron plus an ejected positron.
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proton
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a positively charged, fundamental atomic particle in the nucleus of atoms.
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radioactive
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they undergo a spontaneous decay and emit some form of radiation.
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radioisotope
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a radioactive isotope.
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transuranium element
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the 22 artificially produced elements beyond uranium in the periodic table.
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