Chemistry

Front 1

study of matter; it’s properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.

Back 1

chemistry

Front 2

anything that has mass and occupies space

Back 2

Matter

Front 3

name three physical properties of elements

Back 3

density, color, lustre

Front 4

Fixed shape, & volume
typically highest density
not compressible

Back 4

solid

Front 5

Fixed volume
not very compressible
flows to conform to container

Back 5

liquid

Front 6

 compressible
 lowest density
 expands to fill container
 easily mixed w/other of same type

Back 6

gas

Front 7

 shape doesn’t change
 particles don’t change much
 not compressible and high density
 particles very close

Back 7

solid

Front 8

 Particles widely spaced
 Most compressible & lowest density

Back 8

gas

Front 9

_____ properties do not alter the chemical composition of a sample

Back 9

physical properties

Front 10

• changes of state & solubility’s can be reversed relatively easily via physical means.

Back 10

physical properties

Front 11

6 changes of states

Back 11

• (s) > (l) melting
• (l) > (s) freezing
• evaporation (L) to (G)
• condensation (g) to (l)
• sublimation (s) to (g)
• deposition (g) to (l)

Front 12

expressed through chemical changes – composition of matter in a particular substance changes...a different substance is made.

Back 12

chemical properties

Front 13

comes as either pure or mixture

Back 13

Matter

Front 14

two or more substances not chemically connected
•composition can vary thus varying properties
•components retain own properties

Back 14

mixture

Front 15

Composed of just one kind of atom

Back 15

elemental substance (element)

Front 16

Composed of two or more different kinds of atoms bonded in a specific whole number ratio

Back 16

compound

Front 17

Elements change to compounds by _________ means.

Back 17

chemical

Front 18

Chemical change separates______ from______.

Back 18

elements from compounds

Front 19

• Unique properties of ________ are lost when they react to form ________.

Back 19

elements
coumpounds

Front 20

_______energy is based on motion

Back 20

Kinetic

Front 21

_______ Is related to average kinetic energy of sample

Back 21

Temperature

Front 22

_______ scale (temp) based on kinetic energy

Back 22

Kelvin

Front 23

Stored energy based on position (gravity, tension, pressure)

Back 23

potential energy

Front 24

When two charges are far apart compared to close: attraction ______but potential energy _______.

Back 24

decreases but PE increases

Front 25

either qualitative or quantitative

Back 25

observation

Front 26

type of observation that looks at properties

Back 26

Qualitative

Front 27

a _______ observation measures properties

Back 27

Quantitative

Front 28

generalized statements derived from a set of related observations that can be used for predictions

Back 28

Laws

Front 29

Tentative explanation of reasons behind observations

Back 29

Hypothesis

Front 30

_______ test hypothesis

Back 30

Experiments

Front 31

Set of formalized hypothesis (conceptual assumptions) that explain experimental observations

Back 31

Theory

Front 32

Difference between Law and Theory

Back 32

• Law states what is
• Theory explains it

Front 33

nano

Back 33

x10^-9

Front 34

micro

Back 34

x10^-6

Front 35

milli

Back 35

x10^-3

Front 36

centi

Back 36

x10^-2

Front 37

kilo

Back 37

x10^3

Front 38

• Mass, length, volume & time are _______ properties

Back 38

extensive

Front 39

Density, Molarity and Speed are ______propeties

Back 39

Intensive

Front 40

properties that do not rely on amount

Back 40

intensive

Front 41

There is no measurable change in the total mass during a chemical or physical change.

Back 41

Law of conservation of Mass

Front 42

= mass element/mass compound x 100

Back 42

mass %

Front 43

A particular compound always has the same elements in a fixed (definite) ratio by mass.

Compound has specific mass percentages of its elements

Back 43

Law of constant composition

Front 44

Suppose elements (A & B) can react to form different compounds.

Different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a whole # ratio

Back 44

Law of Multiple Proportions

Front 45

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Back 45

• All matter is composed of atoms
• Atoms of one element cannot be chemically converted to atoms of another element.
• Atoms of a given element have the same properties and average mass.

Compounds arise from a specific combination of atoms of different elements in definite whole number ratios.

Front 46

________ &___________ experiments lead to discovery of mass & charge of electron.

Back 46

Cathode ray tube
oil drop

Front 47

Discovered atoms had empty space, refuting the plum pudding model

Back 47

Rutherford

Front 48

mass and charge of electron

Back 48

1/2000 amu
1-

Front 49

H

Back 49

hydrogen

Front 50

He

Back 50

Helium

Front 51

Li

Back 51

lithium

Front 52

C

Back 52

Carbon

Front 53

N

Back 53

nitrogen

Front 54

F

Back 54

flourine

Front 55

Ne

Back 55

neon

Front 56

Na

Back 56

Sodium

Front 57

Mg

Back 57

magnesium

Front 58

Al

Back 58

aluminum

Front 59

Si

Back 59

silicon

Front 60

P

Back 60

phosphorus

Front 61

S

Back 61

sulfur

Front 62

Cl

Back 62

Chlorine

Front 63

Ar

Back 63

argon

Front 64

K

Back 64

potassium

Front 65

Ca

Back 65

calcium

Front 66

Cu

Back 66

copper

Front 67

Fe

Back 67

iron

Front 68

Br

Back 68

bromine

Front 69

Cr

Back 69

chromium

Front 70

Co

Back 70

cobalt

Front 71

Ni

Back 71

nickel

Front 72

Ti

Back 72

titanium

Front 73

Mn

Back 73

manganese

Front 74

Ba

Back 74

barium

Front 75

mixture where particles of one substance float in another

Back 75

suspension

Front 76

Three types of mixtures

Back 76

suspension
colloidal
solution

Front 77

mixture that is violently stirred or shaken and has smaller particles than a suspension

Back 77

colloidal

Front 78

mixture where one substance is is dissolved in another.

Back 78

solution

Front 79

mixture that needs a change in state of matter to attain separation of substances.

Back 79

solution

Front 80

group of atoms that is covalently bonded & has a particular charge.

Back 80

polyatomic ion

Front 81

name remains the same when part of a compound

Back 81

polyatomic ion

Front 82

three basic types of compounds

Back 82

ionic
covalent
acids

Front 83

composed of oppositely charged species called ions

Back 83

ionic compounds

Front 84

formed when a metal (cation) loses an electron to a non-metal (anion)

Back 84

ionic compound

Front 85

can be found as more than one ion

Back 85

most transition metals
tin
lead (Pb)

Front 86

Ca(Cl)2

Back 86

Calcium Chloride

Front 87

NH4 +

Back 87

ammonium

Front 88

OH -

Back 88

hydroxide

Front 89

CN -

Back 89

cyanide

Front 90

CH3CO2

Back 90

acetate

Front 91

CO3 2-

Back 91

carbonate

Front 92

NO2 -

Back 92

nitrite

Front 93

NO3-

Back 93

nitrate

Front 94

SO3 2-

Back 94

sulfite

Front 95

PO4 3-

Back 95

phosphate

Front 96

SO4 2-

Back 96

sulfate

Front 97

CLO -

Back 97

hypochlorite

Front 98

CLO2 -

Back 98

chlorite

Front 99

CLO3 -

Back 99

chlorate

Front 100

CLO4 -

Back 100

perchlorate

Front 101

composed of cation + anion

Back 101

Ionic compound

Front 102

non-metal + non-metal

Back 102

ionic compound

Front 103

use prefixes for # of each element

Back 103

covalent compound

Front 104

formed by sharing one or more electrons

Back 104

covalent compound

Front 105

H+ + polyatomic ion

Back 105

Oxyacid (or oxoacid)

Front 106

Definition; to travel from one place to another

Back 106

radiation

Front 107

Perpendicular oscillating functions (waves)

Back 107

electromagnetic

Front 108

Three variables of waves

Back 108

wavelength
frequency
amplitude

Front 109

cycles/ units time

measured in Hz or cycles/second

Back 109

Frequency

Front 110

acids:_____ ite =

Back 110

______ous

Front 111

Acids: ate =

Back 111

_______ic

Front 112

Name four polyatomic ions with a charge of 2-

Back 112

SO3
SO4
Si
CO3

Front 113

Name the polyatomic ion with a charge of 3-

Back 113

PO4

Front 114

name the polyatomic with a positive charge

Back 114

NH4+ (ammonium)

Front 115

________of a wave is related to its intensity (brightness)

Back 115

Amplitude

Front 116

longer wavelength = _______ frequency and ______energy (amplitude)

Back 116

lower
lower

Front 117

wavelength times frequency =

Back 117

speed of light

Front 118

the speed of light is________

Back 118

3.00 E8 m/s

Front 119

yellow street lights are filled with _____vapor

Back 119

sodium

Front 120

blue street lights are filled with ______ vapor

Back 120

mercury

Front 121

red neon signs are filled with

Back 121

neon

Front 122

blue neon signs are filled with ____or______

Back 122

argon or krypton

Front 123

pink neon signs are filled with ______

Back 123

He

Front 124

Plank's constant

Back 124

6.626 E-34 Js = freq.

Front 125

a particle of light is called a ______

Back 125

photon

Front 126

light has what type of behavior/

Back 126

both wavelength-like and particle-like behavior

Front 127

define Quantum Mechanics

Back 127

new way to describe atoms and electrons

Front 128

Why does traditional physics fail in describing atoms and electrons/

Back 128

we can’t simultaneously determine the position of a particle & its velocity

Front 129

As the electron of and atom gets closer to the nucleus the atom becomes [more/less] stable?

Back 129

more stable