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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BetA(b) particle
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An electron produced in ardioactive decaay
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Atomic number (z)
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The number of protrons inthe nucleous of an atom in a natural occurring element
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Mass number(a)
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The total number of protrons and neutrons in the nucleous of an atom
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. They have identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers
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Nuclide
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The general term applied to each unique atom represented by a/zX where X is the symbol for the particular element
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half-life
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the time required for the number of nuclides in a radioactivity sample to reach half the original number of nuclides
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alpha a particle
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a helium nucleus produced in radioactive decay
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gamma (y) ray
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a high-energy photon produced in a radioactive decay
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positron
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same mass as a electron but opposite charge
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electron capture
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process in which one of the inner-orbital electrons is captured by the nucleus
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decay series
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process to form a a stable nuclide
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nuclear tranformation
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the change of one element into another
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transuranium elements
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the elements beyond uranium that are made artificially by particle bombardment
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Geiger muller counter
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an instrument that measures the rate of radioactive decay by registering the ions and electrons produced as a radioactive particle passes through a gass filled chamber
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scintillation counter
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an instrument that measures radioactive decay by sensing the flashes of light that the radiation produces in a detector
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radiocarbon dating
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a method ancient wood or cloth on the basis of the radioactive decay of the nuclide 14/6 C
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radiotracers
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a radioactive nuclide, intro into an organism for diagnostic purposes, whose pathway can be traced by monitoring its radioactivity
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fusion
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the process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus
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fission
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the process of using a neutron to split a heavier nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers
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chain reaction
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a self substaining fission processes caused by the production of neutrons that production of neutrons that proceed to split other nuclei
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critical mass
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the mass of fissionable material event thus sustaining chain reaction
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breeder reactor
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a nuclear reactor in which fissionable fuel is produced while the reactors run
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nuclear fision
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the process of combining two light nuclei
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rem
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a unit of radiation dosage that accounts for both the energy of the dose and its effectiveness in causing biological damage
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