Chemistry 1441, Ch 5 - Periodicity And Atomic Structure

Front 1

In the electromagnetic spectrum, what do:
c
v
(lambda)
stand for?

Back 1

c = the speed of light --> [(3.00x10^8 m)/s]
v = frequency
lambda = wavelength

Front 2

What is the "de Broglie equation?"

Back 2

The de Broglie equation:

(lambda) = h/mv

where:
m = mass
v = velocity
h = Planck's constant --> 6.626x10^(-34) Js

Front 3

What is the "quantum mechanical model?"

Back 3

(Mathematical Equation)

The behavior of each election in an atom is characteized by a WAVE FUNCTION, or ORBITAL, the square of which defines the probability of finding the election in a given volume of space.

Each wave function has a set of three parameters called QUANTUM NUMBERS.

Front 4

What is "Planck's Constant?"

Back 4

Planck's Constant:

6.626x10^(-34) Js

Front 5

What is the "Balmer-Rydberg Equation?"

Back 5

Balmer-Rydberg Equation:

1/(lambda) = R[(1/m^2) - (1/n^2)]

where R(Rydberg Constant) = 1.097x10^(-2)nm(-1)

Front 6

What is the electromagnetic equation for the speed of a wave?

Back 6

Wavelength x Frequency = Speed

(lambda in m)[wavelength] x (v x (1/s))[frequency] = (c x (m/s))[speed]

where c = 3.00x10^8

Front 7

What is " c " (or, 'the speed of light')?

Back 7

The Speed Of Light:

c = 3.00x10^8 (m/s)

Front 8

What is a "line spectrum?"

Back 8

Line Spectrum: A series of discrete lines on an otherwise dark background as a result of light emitted by an excited atom.

Front 9

What did "Johann Balmer" discover?

Back 9

Johann Balmer (in 1885) discovered a mathematical relationship for the four visible lines in the atomic spectra for hydrogen:

1/(lambda) = R[(1/(2^2)) - (1/(n^2))]

where R = 1.097x10^(-2)nm^(-1) --> ("Rydberg Constant")

Front 10

What did "Johannes Rydberg" discover?

Back 10

Johannes Rydberg modified Balmer's equation for the four visible lines in the atomic line spectra for hydrogen to fit EVERY line in the entire spectrum of hydrogen:

1/(lambda) = R[(1/(m^2)) - (1/(n^2))]

where R = 1.097x10^(-2)nm^(-1) --> ("Rydberg Constant")

Front 11

In what direction of electrons' movements to other energy orbitals is light emitted or absorbed?

Back 11

It has to do with the Balance of Energy:

--> from lower wavelengths to higher wavelengths, light is emitted.
--> from higher wavelengths to lower wavelengths, light is absorbed.

Front 12

What is the "Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?"

Back 12

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: it is IMPOSSIBLE to know precisely where an electron is and what path it follows. (1927). :

((delta)x)((delta)mv) >/= (h/4(pie))

Front 13

Who proposed the "quantum mechanical model" of the atom, and what does this model focus on?

Back 13

Erwin Schrodinger proposed the "Quantum Mechanical Model" in 1926.
--> This model focuses on the wavelike properties of electrons.

Front 14

What is the equation of a "wave function?"

Back 14

wave equation --> wave function or orbital --> probability of finding elctron in a region of space

Front 15

A wave function is characterized by three parameters called what?

Back 15

Wave Functions are characterized by three parameters called "Quantum Numbers."
-----> The Quantum Numbers are represented by:
n,
l,
m(subscript 1)

Front 16

Who proposed the "quantum mechanical model" of the atom, and what does this model focus on?

Back 16

Erwin Schrodinger proposed the "Quantum Mechanical Model" in 1926.
--> This model focuses on the wavelike properties of electrons.

Front 17

What is the equation of a "wave function?"

Back 17

wave equation --> wave function or orbital --> probability of finding elctron in a region of space

Front 18

A wave function is characterized by three parameters called what?

Back 18

Wave Functions are characterized by three parameters called "Quantum Numbers."
-----> The Quantum Numbers are represented by:
n,
l,
m(subscript 1)

Front 19

What are "d orbitals?"

Back 19

D Orbitals: electrons that fall within the transition metals.

Front 20

How would you write the "shorthand electron configuration" for P?

P: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

Back 20

Shorthand Electron configuration for P:

[Ne] 3s3 3p6

Front 21

electromagnetic energy (light) is characterized by:

Back 21

wavelength, frequency, amplitude

Front 22

Who first developed the periodic table?

Back 22

Gregor Mendeleev (1871)

----> elements organize by increasing atomic weight

Front 23

What is the photoelectric effect?

Back 23

Photoelectric efect: irradiation of clean metal surface with a light whose frequency is above a certain threshold will cause electrons to ve ejected from the metal

Front 24

What is Niel Bohr's model of a hydrogen atom?

Back 24

an elcetron circling around the proton with a variety of different quantized orbits it could jump to and from. (1914).

Front 25

properties of Principal Quantum Number (n):

Back 25

- describes the size and energy level of the orbital
- commonly called SHELL
- positive integer (n = 1, 2, ....)
- as the value of n increases: the energy increases and the avg distance of the e- from the nucleus increases

Front 26

properties of the Angular-Momentum Quantum Number (l)

Back 26

- Defines the three dimensional shape of the orbit
- commonly called SUBSHELL
- there are n different shapes for orbitals :
--> if n = 1, then l = 0
--> if n = 2, then l = 0 or 1
--> if n = 3, then l = 0, 1, or 2
---> etc.