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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endothermic process
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endothermic process
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process that absorbs heat
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exothermic process
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process that release heat
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system
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the substance of entrance in a process;the part of the universe under investigation
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surroundings
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Everything in the environment of the system
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universe
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The system plus the surroundings
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potential energy
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Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its position,condition , or composition
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kinetic energy
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Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its motion
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thermochemical equation
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A balanced chemical equation together with a designation of the corresponding value delta H. Sometimes used with changes in other thermodynamic quantities.
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enthalpy change
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Delta H The quantity of heat transferred into or out of a system as it undergoes chemical or physical change at STP.
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Standard Condition
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25 degree K; 1atm
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heat of formation (delta Hsub f)
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The enthalpy change for a reaction is the same whether it occurs in one step or a series of steps.
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spontaneous process
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A change for which the collection of products is more stable than the collection of reactants under the given conditions.Product-favored
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non spontaneous process
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A change for which the collection of reactants is more stable than the collection products under the given conditions.Reactant-favored
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1st Law of Thermodynamics
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The total amount of energy in the Universe is constant;energy is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions and physical changes. Law of Conservation of energy
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics
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The universe tends toward a state of greater disorder.
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3rd Law of Thermodynamics
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The entropy of a hypothetical pure, perfect, crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature is zero.
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entropy (S)
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A thermodynamic state property that measures the dispersal of energy and the dispersal of matter(disorder) of a system.
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Gibbs Free energy Change(G)
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THe indicator of spotaneity of a process at constant T and P. Delta G=Delta H-T Delta S. If Delta G is negative, the process is product-favored(spontaneous); also called free energy change.
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oxidation
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An increase in oxidation number;corresponds to a loss in electrons
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reduction
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An algebraic decrease in oxidation number; may correspond to a gain of electrons
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Redox Reaction
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A reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur;
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Oxidation Numbers (states)
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Arbitrary numbers that can be used as aids in writing formulas and balancing equations;for single-atom ions they correspond to the charge on the ion; less metallic elements are assigned negative oxidation states in compounds and ions
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