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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does G (giga) mean?
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10^9
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What does M (mega) mean?
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10^6
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What does k (kilo) mean?
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10^3
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What does d (deci) mean?
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10^-1
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What does c (centi) mean?
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10^-2
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What does m (milli) mean?
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10^-3
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What does µ (micro) mean?
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10^-6
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What does n (nano) mean?
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10^-9
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What does p (pico) mean?
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10^-12
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What does f (femto) mean?
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10^15
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Ek (kinetic energy) = ?
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(1/2)mass x velocity^2
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Ep (potential energy) = ?
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mass x gravitational constant x height
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g (gravitational constant) = ?
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9.8 m/s^2
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J (joule) = ?
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kg-m^2/s^2
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Definition of work
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The energy used to cause an object with mass to move against a force
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w (work) = ?
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Force x distance
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
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Energy is conserved.
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ΔE (internal energy) = ?
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Efinal - Einitial
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ΔE (in relation to heat and work) = ?
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heat + work
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What symbol means system gains heat?
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+q
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What symbol means system loses heat?
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-q
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What symbol means work done on system?
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+w
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What symbol means work done by system?
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-w
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What symbol means net gain of energy by system?
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+ΔE
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What symbol means net loss of energy by system?
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-ΔE
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Definition of endothermic process
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Process in which the system absorbs heat
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Definition of exothermic process
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Process in which the system loses heat
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Definition of state function
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A property of a system that is determined by specifying the system's condition, or state (in terms of temperature, pressure, etc.)
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Definition of enthalpy
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A quantity for the heat evolved or absorbed in a reaction at constant pressure
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H (enthalpy) = ?
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energy + (pressure x volume)
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ΔH (change in enthalpy) = ?
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ΔE + PΔV
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ΔH (enthalpy of reaction) = ?
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Hproducts - Hreactants
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What is it meant by enthalpy being an extensive property?
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The magnitude of ΔH (enthalpy of reaction) is directly proportional to the amount of reactant consumed in the process.
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Definition of atomic number
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Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Definition of mass number
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The total number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
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In an element symbol, there can be two numbers to the left. What does the top number represent?
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Mass number
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In an element symbol, there can be two numbers to the left. What does the bottom number represent?
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Atomic number
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Definition of isotopes
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Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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What element does Cr represent?
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Chromium
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What element does Br represent?
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Bromine
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What element does B represent?
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Boron
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What element does Be represent?
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Beryllium
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What element does Ba represent?
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Barium
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What element does Bi represent?
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Bismuth
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What element does Sn represent?
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Tin
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What element does Sb represent?
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Antimony
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What element does Cs represent?
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Cesium
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What element does Pt represent?
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Platinum
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What element does Ra represent?
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Radium
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Definition of atomic weight
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The average atomic mass of an element (expressed in atomic mass units)
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Definition of formula weight
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The sum of the atomic weights of each atom in its chemical formula
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Molecular weight
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The chemical formula of a molecule
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What is the equation for the percentage composition of a compound?
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%element = [((# of atoms of element)(atomic weight of element)) / formula weight] x 100%
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Definition of mole
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A collection of Avogadro's number of objects
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Definition of molar mass
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The mass in grams of one mole of a substance; always numerically equal to its formula weight in amu
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As you go right to left across a row on the periodic table, does electronegativity increase or decrease?
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Decrease
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As you go from the bottom to the top of a column on the periodic table, does electronegativity increase or decrease?
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Increase
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Orbitals in the same electron shell share what?
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The same principal quantum number, n
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Orbitals in the same electron subshell share what?
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The same n and l
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What do you call a row in the periodic table?
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A period
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How do you determine the valence electrons of a compound?
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Add together the group numbers.
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What do you call a column in the periodic table?
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A group
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