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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dam |
Decameter x10 |
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Km |
Kilometer x10^3 |
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Cm |
Centimeter x10^-2 |
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Dm |
Decimeter x10^-1 |
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Mm |
Millimeter x10^-12 |
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Nm |
Nanometer x10^-9 |
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Hm |
Hectameter x10^2 |
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Scientific Notation |
Needs to be #.# x10^ eg. 1.3 10^5 |
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Significant Figures |
0s need to have a number before it and a decimal either before or after it as well to classify eg 10 has one sign figure while 1.0 has two |
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+ - sig figs |
Number of sig figs to the right of the decimal in the number with the least amount must be the total number of sig figs to the right of decimal in the sum |
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÷ X of sig figs |
Total amount of sig figs in number with the least amount would be the same in the answer |
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Accurate |
Close to correct value |
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Precise |
More sig figs. Also the number of sig figs before Notation is the total number eg 1.467 10^3 (4) |
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Density |
M D l V D=m/v m=d×v v=m/d |
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Mixture |
Made up of 2 or more distinct material in which basic identity is not changed |
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Pure substance |
Made up of one type of matter that has its own distinct properties |
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Homogenous |
When a mixture has a constant composition and parts can not be distinguished, same throughout |
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Heterogeneous |
Where different components can be seen or distinguished. Not same throughout |
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Element |
Pure substance made of one type of atom |
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Compound |
Pure substance formed when two or more atoms combine to make a molecule |
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Solution |
Homogenous mixture of two or more substances mixed so thoroughly that you can't tell them apart |
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Solute |
Solid that dissolves in the solvent, lesser amount |
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Solvent |
Liquid that the solute dissolves int, greater amount |
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Ion |
Electrically charged particle |
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Suspension |
Heterogeneous mixture that has tiny particles of an insoluble solid floating around in a liquid |
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Mechanical mixture |
Each part has its unique properties, easily visible and separate |
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Most matter can be seperated by Low energy means |
Evaporation, distillation, filtration, freezing, hand separation, decanting, settling, separatory tunnel |
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High energy techniques use chemical properties or reactions to seperate matter (pure substances) |
Electrolysis, smelting, chlemical reactions (decomposition) |
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Filtration |
Used to seperate insoluble solids from liquids. Residue=solid remaining in filter Filtrate=liquid that passed through filter |
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Distillation |
Used to seperate 2 liquids. Solution is heated to temp below 2 liquid,s bioling point, vapors given off are cooled and collected as first liquid evaporated |
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Recrystallization |
Uses evaporation to remove solids from solution. Liquid is evaporated the solid will form crystals left behind |
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Gravity separation |
Uses to seperate 2 solids from mechanical mixture or solid from suspension. Mechanical shakers, froth flotation and centrifuge are used eg when components have different specific weights |
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Kinetic Energy |
Energy of motion (theory: small particles, spaces, moving constantly) |
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Sublimation |
State change from solid to gas |
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Deposition |
State change from gas to solid |
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Law of conservation of mass |
During a chemical reaction the mass of products must equal mass of the reactants |
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Periodic Law |
When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass similarities in physical and chemical properties are repeated at regular intervals |
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Periods |
Horizontal rows |
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Families |
Vertical rows |
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Metals |
Most are silver, malleable, dictate, conductive |
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Non metals |
Brittle, poor conductors |
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Metalloids |
Have some but not all metallic properties, semi conductors, semi ductile |
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Alkali |
Low density, very soft, silver color, highly reactive, ignite in water Li-Fr |
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Alkali earth metals |
Low density, soft, quite reactive but not as much as Alkali, Be-Ra |
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Halogens |
Highly reactive fluorine is most reactive, colorful poison gas, corrosive |
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Noble gases |
Filled valence shells, very stable/unreactive |
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Atomic number |
Number of proton in nucleus |
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Atomic mass |
Calculated average of all an elements isotopes |
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Mass number |
Mass of all particles in the nucleus of an atom |
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Ionization |
Energy required to remove the electronic with the highest total energy from ground state of atom to gas state, increases from left to right |
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Electronegativity |
Measure of the power and atom has to attract electrons to itself when combined with other atoms, increases from left to right decreases top to bottom |
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# of neutrons |
Mass # - # of protons |
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Covalent bond |
When two non metals come near each other and share electrons |
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Bases |
Turns blue in litmus, bitter, slippery, end in OH (active component), conductive in solution, ph above 7, donates electrons |
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Covalent Lewis dot diagrams |
Metals=no valence electrons Non metals= full valence shells |
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Decanting |
To extract liquid from container that holds both liquid and solid |
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Ionic bond |
Formed between 2 ions with opposite charges, one atom gives up one or more electron to another atom |
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Decanting |
To allow a mixture of a solid and liquid or 2 liquids to settle by means of gravity and remove the unwanted substance |
