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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enthalpy of Solution (ΔHsolution) |
The overall change in enthalpy that occurs when a solute is dissolved in a solvent; also called heat of solution |
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Born-Haber Cycle |
A series of steps with corresponding enthalpy changes that describes the formation of an ionic solid from its constituent elements |
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Vapor Pressure |
The pressure exerted by a gas equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature |
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Volatile |
Having a significant vapor pressure at a given temperature |
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Normal Boiling Point |
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals 1 atm (760 torr) |
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Clausius-Clapeyron Equation |
Relates the vapor pressure of a substance at different temperatures to its heat of vaporization |
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Fractional Distillation |
A method of separating a mixture of compounds on the basis of their different boiling points |
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Raoult's Law |
The vapor pressure of a solution is the sum of the vapor pressure of the volatile components of the solution, which are each the product of the vapor pressure of the pure component and its mole fraction in the solution |
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Ideal Solution |
One that obeys Raoult's law |
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Colligative Properties |
Characteristics of solutions that depend on the concentration and not the identity of particles dissolved in the solvent |
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Molality (m) |
Concentration expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
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Van't Hoff Factor (i) |
The ratio of the concentration of solute particles in a solution to the concentration of particles that would be there if the solute did not dissociate |
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Ion Pair |
A cluster formed when a cation and an anion associate with each other in solution |
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Osmosis |
The flow of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane to balance the concentration of solutes in solutions on the two sides of the membrane. The flow of solvent molecules proceeds from the more dilute solution into the more concentrated one |
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Osmotic Pressure (Π) |
The pressure applied across a semipermeable membrane to stop the flow of water from the compartment containing pure solvent of a less concentrated solution to the compartment containing a more concentrated solution |
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Reverse Osmosis (RO) |
A purification process in which solvent is forced through semipermeable membranes, leaving dissolved impurities behind |
