Chemistry 101 Ch. 3 Notes

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Front 2

Pure substance

Back 2

Form of matter with a constant composition and uniform properties.

Front 3

Element

Back 3

Made of one type of atom.

Front 4

Compounds

Back 4

Contains two or more different elements.

Front 5

Molecule

Back 5

A basic unit of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Front 6

Mixture

Back 6

Composed of different kinds of atoms or molecules.

Front 7

Homogeneous Mixture

Back 7

Has the same composition and properities throughout.

Front 8

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 8

Also called solutions.

Front 9

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Back 9

Does not have the same composition and properties throughout.

Front 10

Phase

Back 10

Any part of a system that does not have uniform composition and properties.

Front 11

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 11

Consists of two or more phases.

Front 12

Solid

Back 12

Has a definite volume and definite shape.

Front 13

Solid

Back 13

Particles are held together so tightly that their motion is highly restricted.

Front 14

Liquid

Back 14

Has a definite volume but not a definite or rigid shape.

Front 15

Liquids

Back 15

Particles are relatively free to move, therefore liquids assume the shape of their container.

Front 16

Gas

Back 16

Has no fixed shape or volume.

Front 17

Gas

Back 17

Particles have very weak attraction for one another, allowing essentially complete freedom of motion.

Front 18

Gas

Back 18

Will assume the shape of any closed vessel and uniformly fill its entire contents.

Front 19

Boiling (vaporization)

Back 19

Liquid to gas.

Front 20

Melting

Back 20

Solid to a liquid.

Front 21

Sublimibg

Back 21

Solid to gas.

Front 22

Freezing

Back 22

Liquid to solid

Front 23

Condensing

Back 23

Gas to liquid.

Front 24

Mass

Back 24

Physical property

Front 25

Solid

Back 25

Physical property

Front 26

Melting point

Back 26

Physical property

Front 27

Taste

Back 27

Physical property

Front 28

Texture

Back 28

Physical property

Front 29

Malleability

Back 29

Physical property

Front 30

Volume

Back 30

Physical property

Front 31

Liquid

Back 31

Physical property

Front 32

Boiling point

Back 32

Physical property

Front 33

Odor

Back 33

Physical property

Front 34

Shape

Back 34

Physical property

Front 35

Ductility

Back 35

Physical property

Front 36

Density

Back 36

Physical property

Front 37

Gas

Back 37

Physical property

Front 38

Specific heat capacity

Back 38

Physical property

Front 39

Color

Back 39

Physical property

Front 40

Solubility

Back 40

Physical property

Front 41

Magnetism

Back 41

Physical property

Front 42

Acidity

Back 42

Chemical property

Front 43

Causticity

Back 43

Chemical property

Front 44

Reactivity

Back 44

Chemical property

Front 45

Inertness

Back 45

Chemical property

Front 46

(In) flammability

Back 46

Chemical property

Front 47

Basicity (a.k.a. alkalinity)

Back 47

Chemical property

Front 48

Corrosiveness

Back 48

Chemical property

Front 49

Stability

Back 49

Chemical property

Front 50

Explosiveness

Back 50

Chemical property

Front 51

Combustibility

Back 51

Chemical property

Front 52

Physical changes

Back 52

Changes that alter the state or appearance of the matter without altering the composition.

Front 53

Chemicals changes

Back 53

Changes that alter the composition of the matter

Front 54

Signs chemical change has occured

Back 54

1.) Bubbles of gas form

2.) Odors and/or colors change

3.) A chemical burns or burst into flames

4.) An insoluble precipitate forms

5.) A large amount of heat, light, or both is given off.

Front 55

Temperature

Back 55

Measure of the intensity of 'hot" or "cold" in a sample of matter.

Front 56

Heat

Back 56

A measure of energy which always flows from the hotter sample to the colder sample.

Front 57

Kelvin

Back 57

°C + 273

Hint 57

°C = K-273

Front 58

Kinetic energy

Back 58

The energy of a sample matter possesses because of its motion.

Front 59

Potential energy

Back 59

The energy stored in an object because of its position.

Front 60

Endorthermic Reaction

Back 60

Change that causes a substance to absorb the heat from its surroundings.

Front 61

Exothermic Reaction

Back 61

Change in which heat is given off to the surroundings.

Front 62

Specific heat

Back 62

The quantity of heat (energy) that changes the temperature of exactly 1g of a substance by exactly 1°C.

Front 63

Calorie (c)

Back 63

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of exactly 1 g of water by exactly 1°C.