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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to elements in chemical reactions?
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They bond to form a compound
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What are the main uses of limestone?
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Glass, Cement, Concrete and Quicklime
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What are the products of heating limestone?
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Carbon Dioxide and Calcium Oxide
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How is slaked lime made?
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Adding water to quicklime
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What is the test for Carbon Dioxide?
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It turns limewater milky
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What is an ore?
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Rocks that contain enough of a metal to extract it
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How is iron extracted?
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In a Blast furnace
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What are the main types of steel?
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Carbon
High Alloy Low Alloy |
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Why is pure iron soft?
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As the atoms are in layers, so can easily slide over each other
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What type of alloys return to their original shape?
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Smart alloys
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What protects aluminium and tin from corrosion?
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They have an oxide layer
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What two elements make up the main compounds in Crude oil? (Clue: Crude oil is a hydrocarbon)
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Hydrogen and Carbon
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What are alkanes?
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Compounds
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What is the formula for a alkane?
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Cn H2n+2
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What method is used to seperate crude oil in a refinary?
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Fractional Distillation
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What are the products of burning hydrocarbons completely?
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Carbon dioxide + water
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What are the two main processes in fractional Distillation?
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Evaporation and Condensation
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What is cracking?
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Breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaler molecules, by heat
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What are Alkenes?
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Hydrocarbons with a Carbon-Carbon double bond.(C=C)
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What is the formula for an Alkene?
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Cn H2n
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What is a polymer?
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A substance with long chain molecules made by joining many small molecules
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What is a thermosoftening polymer?
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A polymer that softens when heated
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What are the two main uses of vegetable oil?
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Food
Fuel |
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How can vegetable oil be extracted?
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By pressing Seeds, Nuts and Fruits. Or by distillation
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What is an emulsion?
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A mixture of tiny droplets of immiscible liquids suspended in each other.
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What are the E-Numbers on food labels?
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To show that the addditive is permitted in the European Union
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What is Biodiesel?
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Vegetabl oil that can be used as fuel for diesel engines
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What could you use to test an oil for unsaturated fat?
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With Bromine or Iodine
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Give two examples of foods that are emulsions?
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Ice cream
Milk |
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What are the main layers of the Earth?
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Crust
Mantle Outer Core Inner Core |
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What was the main gas in the Earth's early atmosphere?
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Carbon Dioxide
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What is the main gas in the Earth's atmosphere now?
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Nitrogen
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Which unreactive gas makes up about 1% of the atmosphere?
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Argon
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Why is Helium used in Ballons?
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As it is denser than air, so they will float
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What is the main reason for recent increase of the amount of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere?
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Burning fossil fuels
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Name two carbonates that do not decompose when heated with a Bunsen Burner?
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Potassium Carbonate
Sodium Carbonate |
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What is concrete?
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A mixture of cement, sand, stone and water
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How can concrete be made stronger?
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By reinforcing it with steel
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What is meant by a native metal?
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It is found naturally in rocks in the Earth
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What are Steels?
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Alloys of Iron
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What happens in a reduction reaction?
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Oxygen is removed from the compound
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What 2 properties make Aluminium and Titanium useful metals?
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Don't Corrode
Low density (used in planes) |
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In fractional Distillation what sort of fractions are collected near the top?
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The lowest boiling points
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When burning Hydrocarbons, what else may be produced in a limited supply of air?
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Carbon Monoxide
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What is global dimming?
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Particles in the atmosphere reflect sunlight away from the earth
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What is the formula for the alkane with four carbon atoms?
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C4 H10
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What type of reaction is Cracking?
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Thermal Decomposition
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Why are polymers strong and flexible?
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As they have weak intemolecular forces
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Why does food cook faster in hot oil than in boiling water?
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As oil has a higher boiling point than water
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What are the 4 main reasons for adding substances to food?
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To preseve it
Improve Flavour Improve Texture Improve Colour |
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What can be done to check if substances have been added to foods?
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Chromatography
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What causes tectonic plates to move?
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Convection Currents
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Why are oils hydrogenated?
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So they are solid at room temperature
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What substances are made of only one type of atom?
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Element
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Name two elements in all carbon steels?
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Iron and carbon
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Which gas results in Acid Rain?
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Sulphur Dioxide
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What causes the molecules to split apart in cracking?
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A hot catalyst
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What is the chemical name of the polymer formed form ethene?
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Poly(ethene)
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Why do thermosetting plastics set hard when heated?
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As the bonds link together
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How can we make polymers with different properties?
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By changing the monomer or the reaction conditions
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Why is biodiesel a good alternative to fossil fuels?
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Biodiesel is biodegradable and re-usuable
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How is an emulsion different from the liquids it is made from?
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Emulsions are thicker and more opaque
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What process releases carbon dioxide into the atosphere?
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Respiration
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What process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
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Photosynthesis
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What are tectonic plates?
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Large pieces of the Earth's crust
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What 3 things are likely to happen at a plate boundary?
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Earthquake
Volcanoe Fold mountains |
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What produced much of the Carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapour in the early atmosphere?
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Volcanoes
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How do volcanoes produce carbon dioxide?
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By heating up carbonated rocks
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How do oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
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Carbon dioxide dissolves in water, and forms carbonates that form sediments
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What is the mantle?
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A semi liquid
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