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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element 🐷 |
A substance that can't be separated into simpler substances |
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Pure Substance 🐍 |
Either a single element or single compound that has definite physical or chemical properties |
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Compound 🐹 |
A substance made of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
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Mixture 🐴 |
A combo of 2 or more substances that aren't chemically combined |
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Physical separation 🐼 |
The ways to separate a mixture by filtration, sifting and evaporating |
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Matter 🐝 |
Anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Mass 🐯 |
A measure of matter in an object |
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Atom 🐢 |
The building blocks of all matter |
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Proton 🐮 |
A positively charge particle, found in nucleus |
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Neutron 🐧 |
A particle with no charge found in the nucleus |
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Electron 🐻 |
A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus |
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Homogenous |
a mixture that is mixed evenly throughout and cannot be visibly distinguished |
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Heterogeneous |
a mixture that is not uniform throughout |
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Atomic Number |
The number assigned to each kind of atom; it represents the umber or protons in an atom |
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Atomic Mass |
The average mass of the atoms in an element; the # protons and neutrons in an element |
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Shells/ Orbitals/ Energy Levels |
The region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found |
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Periodic Table |
A table that shows all of the atoms that everything in the known universe is mad from; each box contains info about each element |
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Group |
The vertical column on the periodic table; elements in the same group share the same properties |
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Period |
The horizontal rows on the periodic table |
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Mendeleev |
A Russian chemist who discovered a pattern to the elements in 1869 |
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Metal |
An element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
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Non metal |
An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
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Metalloid |
An element that has properties of metal and non metals; they can me called conductors |
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Alkali Metals |
Very reactive and soft metals |
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Alkaline Earth Metals |
Reactive Metals |
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Transition Metals |
Not very reactive and good conductors |
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Halogens |
Very reactive |
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Noble Gases |
Non-Reactive colorless, odorless,gas |
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Chemical Bonds |
Aninleraction that holds atoms together |
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Precipitate |
A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction |
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Chemical Reaction |
A property of matter that describes a substance ability to participate ion a chemical reaction |
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Reactant |
A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
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Closed System |
A reaction where nothing is added and nothing escapes |
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Yield Arrow |
In a chemical reaction, the arrow that separates the products from the the reactions |
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Subscript |
The number written below and to the right of the symbol in a formula |
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Coefficient |
The number in front of a chemical formula that indicates the number of molecules present |
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Endothermic Reaction |
A chemical reaction that enquirers heat "gets cold" |
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Exothermic Reaction |
A chemical reaction releases heat "gets hot" |
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Gas formation |
A sign of or chemical reaction in which gas is provided |
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Zone Of Saturation |
the lower zone of the water table where water collects between rock particles |
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Zone of Aeration |
the upper part of the water table where water passes through first |
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Water Table |
the upper surface of underground water, the upper boundary |
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Hydrology |
the study of water |
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Water Distribution |
the places that water is found on earth |
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Hydrosphere |
the space where water is found on earth, we are the water plants |
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Aquifer |
a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater |
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Ground Water |
water that seeps below the ground and is stored underground |
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Spring |
a place where groundwater flows above ground, when the water table reaches the earth's surface |
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Sublimation |
the transition of a substance directly from a solid to state to a gas |
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Transpiration |
the process by which plants absorb water through their roots and release it as vapor through pores in their leaves |
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Respiration |
the process by when animals are releasing water vapor back into the atmosphere |
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Runoff |
the flow of water over the surface of land |
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Tributaries |
a stream that flows into a lake or into a larger stream |
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River Basin |
the portion of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries |
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Watershed |
the area of land that is drained by a water system |
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Infiltration |
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil |
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Percolation |
the process by which water moves through pores in the bed rock to fill aquifers |
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Interception |
precipitation that doesn't reach the soil |
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Upwelling |
the movement of deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface |
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Estuary |
an area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean |
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PLankton |
a mass of mostly organisms that float or drift freely in Marine environments |
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Continental Shelf |
begins at the shore line gently sloping towards the open ocean 200m |
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Continental Slope |
begins at the edge of the cont. shelf rapidly sloping towards ocean floor 200-4000m |
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Cont. Rise |
base of the cont. slope and is made of large piles of sediment |
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Abyssal Plane |
the broad flat part of the deep ocean basin covered by mud and remains, of once living organism |
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Mid Ocean Ridge |
mountain chains that forms on the ocean floor where tectonics plates pull apart |
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Rift Valley |
as mountains build up, a rift valley forms between them |
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Seamounts |
individual mountains made of volcanic materials: if built up above sea level it becomes a volcanic island |
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Ocean Trenches |
huge cracks in the deep ocean basin formed were tectonic plates push against one another |
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Bio-Indicator |
animals and plants that respond to chemicals, physical, and biological changes in an environment, scientist use these organisms to indicate the health of a water system |
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PH |
the acid/base balance of water, healthier water has or lower values may distribution the availability of nutrients |
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Point Source Pollution |
pollution that comes from a specific source |
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Non-Point Source Pollution |
pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a specif site |
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Dissolved Oxygen |
the oxygen dissolved in water the colder the water the more D.O., the warmer the water the less D.O. |
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Thermal Pollution |
when man-made things such nuclear power plants cause an increase in temperature in the lakes and rivers this causes decreased in D.O. |
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Turbidity |
a measure of the cloudiness of the water |
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Eutrophication |
excess richness of nutrients in a body of water due to run off from land |
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Nitrate |
naturally occurring compounds of nitrogen and oxygen ( comes from acid) |
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Phosphate |
these are like nitrates and can be found in fertilizers |
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Renewable Energy |
resources such as wind and water, that can be recycled or replaced faster than they consume |
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Nonrenewable Energy |
resources such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel that cannot be replaced by nutrients process at the same rate consumed |
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Energy System |
a sequence of conversions with inputs and outputs that transform an energy resource into a form of human work or heating |
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Laws of Conservation of Energy |
the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from 1 form to another |
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Renewable |
resources such as wind,water, that can be recycled or replaced faster than they are consumed |
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Nuclear Power |
the process by which a nuclear reactor uses fuel such as uranium to create energy |
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Fission |
splitting atoms |
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Fusion |
combining atoms |
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Uranium |
an element that releases heat as it undergoes radioactive deccay |
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Hydropower |
transformation of the energy stored in a depth of water into electricity |
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Solar Power |
energy from the sun; often captured directly as heat or as electricity through a photovoltaic process |
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Photovoltaic |
a chemical process that releases electrons from a semi conductor material in the presence of sunlight to generate electricity |
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Wind Power
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energy transferred with the motion of air in the lower atmosphere |
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Geothermal Power
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heat energy from the earth |
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Biomass |
energy released from plants through combustion and other chemical properties qq |
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Hydraulic Fracturing
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a well drilling process used to freely remove oil and natural gas from the rock pores through the use of water and chemical additives
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Biotic
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describes the living factors in an environment |
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Abiotic
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describes the nonliving factors in an environment |
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Ecosystem |
a community of organisms and their abiotic environment |
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Organism
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a single living thing |
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Population |
a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area |
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Community |
all the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other |
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Ecosystem |
a community of organisms and their abiotic environment |
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Biosphere |
the part of earth where life exists |
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Symbiosis |
a relationship in which 2 different organisms live in close association with each other |
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Mutualism
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a relationship between 2 species in which both species benefit
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Commensalin
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A relationship between 2 organisms in which 1 organism benifits and the other is unaffected
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Parasitism |
A relationship between 2 species in which 1, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed |
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Carrying Capacity |
The largest population that an ecosystem can support at any given time |
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Limiting factors |
Resources that limit how big a population can get |
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Adaption |
Organisms have to adapt in order to survive |
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Habitat |
Where an organism lives |
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Niche |
The role or function of a species within an ecosystem |
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Autotroph |
An organism capable of making nutrients for itself from an inorganic source |
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Heterotroph |
An organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth consumer |
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Oxidation |
A chemical reactionin which an elemeny combines with oxygrn |
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Carbon Cycle |
the exchange of carbon between the environment and living things |
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Nitrogen Cycle |
the exchange of nitrogen between the environment and living things |
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Digestion |
the process by which food is broken down and used for energy |
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Protein |
a very important molecule for organisms that help build, grow, repair cells, organelles, and tissues |
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Carbohydrate |
a major energy source for animals that include sugar and starches |
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Fats |
nutrients that are a type of lipid. they are stored and used for energy. 2 types ; saturated and unsaturated |
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Saturated Fats |
a fat that is a solid at room temp.; butter,cheese,dairy,red beef,lamb,pork,chicken with skin. absolutely raise LDL "bad" cholesterol |
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Unsaturated Fats |
a fat that is a liquid at room temperature olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, etc. may to raise LDL` |
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Photosynthesis |
the process my which plants,algae, and some bacteria use sunlight,carbon dioxide, and water for food |
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Glucose |
food made by plants through photosynthesis and the food broken down in cellular respiration |
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Cellular Resperation |
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. exercise increases |
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ATP |
adenosine triphosphere chemical energy the cell can use so that cells may preform work |
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Nutrients |
components of food that help an organism survive and grow |
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Food |
anything that provides an organism with energy. anything that has calories, carbs,fats,and proteins |
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Calorie |
a unit that measures how much energy food provides the body |
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Sugar |
any one of various substances that are found in plants and that your body uses or stores energy |
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Pathogen |
a virus, microorganism, or other organism that causes a disease |
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Infectious Disease |
spread from 1 individual to another |
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Non infectious Diesease |
cannot spread to 1 person to another |
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Immunity |
the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease |
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Vaccine |
a substance that helps your body develop an immunity to a disease, PREVENTION |
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Antibiotics |
a substance that can kill or slow the growth of bacteria |
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Virus |
a microscopic particle that gets inside of a cell and often destroys the cell |
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Carrier |
something taht passes diseases to another organism |
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Vector |
something that transmits a pathogen from a host to a new organism |
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Host |
an organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter |
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Communicable Disease |
disease capable of being communicated or transmitted from person to person |
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Infected |
have a disease or illness caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other organisms or agents |
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Epidemic disease |
over a country |
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Pandemic disease |
over the world |
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Epidemiologist |
person who studies the spread of disease |
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Biotechnology |
industrial use of living organisms to produce food, drugs, or other products |
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DNA |
the nuclei acid responsible for carrying the genetic information of most organisms from 1 generation to the next |
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GMO |
genetically modified organisms an organism whose genetic material has been modified by genetic engineering |
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Catastrophism |
short, catastrophic events have occurred that have changed the surface of earth over time |
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Uniformitarism |
process that are occurring today can be assumed to have been occurring in the past and will continue to occur. this is responsible for slow, gradual changed on earth |
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Geologic Time Scale |
standard method used to divide the Earth's long natural history into manageable parts |
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Geologic Column |
an arrangement of actual rock layers in which the oldest rocks are on the bottom |
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relative dating |
any method of determining wether an event or object is older or younger than other event and objects |
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Absolute Dating |
any method of measuring the age of an event or an object in years |
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Law of Superposition |
principle that states that younger younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layer have not been disrupted |
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Index Fossil |
fossil that is found in the rock layers of only 1 geologic age and that is used to establish the age of the rock |
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Fault |
break in a body of rock along which 1 block slide relative to another |
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Unconformity |
a break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not desipated for a long period of time |
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Radioactive Dating |
method of determining the age of an object by estimating the relative percentages of radioactive (parent) isotope with a stable (daughter) |
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Half Line |
the line needed for half a sample of radioactive substance to undergo radioactive deccay |
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Ice Core |
a sample of ice removed from a range of years; this is used to look at earth's climate history |
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Rock Cycle |
a continuous process by which rocks are created, changed , destroyed, and formed |
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Igneous Rock |
rocks that were made by heating them inside the earth (lava, Magma) |
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Metamorphic Rock |
rock created by heat and or pressure changed rock |
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Sedimentary Rock |
rock that was originally mud or shells that form layers that compress over time "sitting Rock" |
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Genetic Variation |
differences among individuals int the composition of their genes or other DNA segments |
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Homologous Structures |
structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry |
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Analogous Structure |
body parts that show a common function, but not structure |
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Theory of Evolution |
a theory that decisions how arrangement change over many generation |
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Offspring |
a new organism that is the product of reproduction |
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Inherited |
to receive ( a characteristic) from one's parents by genetic transmission |
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Genetic Mutation |
change in a gene or chromosome |
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Adaption |
trait that helps an organism survive to reproduce |
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Genotype |
an organisms genetic makeup, or allele combination |
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Phenotype |
organisms physical makeup |
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Peak Oil |
the hypothetical point in time when the global production of oil reaches its maximum rate, after which production will gradually decline
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