Chemistery Review Ch. 2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space and basically makes up the universe.

Front 2

Solid

Back 2

has definite shape and volume

Front 3

Liquid

Back 3

has definite volume, changeable shape

Front 4

Gas

Back 4

has changeable shape and volume

Front 5

Energy

Back 5

The capacity to do work (put matter into motion)

Front 6

Kinetic

Back 6

energy in action

Front 7

Potential –

Back 7

energy of position; stored (inactive)

Front 8

Chemical

Back 8

– stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Front 9

Electrical

Back 9

– results from the movement of charged particles

Front 10

Mechanical

Back 10

– directly involved in moving matter

Front 11

Radiant or electromagnetic –

Back 11

energy traveling in waves (i.e., visible light, ultraviolet light, and X rays)

Front 12

Energy is easily converted from one form to another
Ture or false?

Back 12

True

Front 13

During conversion, some energy is “lost” as sound.
true or false

Back 13

False- energy is lost through Heat

Front 14

The composition of matter is comes in what two basic properity?

Back 14

Atoms and elements

Front 15

Elements

Back 15

– unique substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

Front 16

Atoms –

Back 16

more-or-less identical building blocks for each element

Front 17

Atomic symbol

Back 17

– one- or two-letter chemical shorthand for each element

Front 18

elements as a whole have similar physical and chemical properties
True or false?

Back 18

False: Each element has unique physical and chemical properties

Front 19

Physical properties

Back 19

– those detected with our senses

Front 20

Chemical properties

Back 20

– pertain to the way atoms interact with one another

Front 21

what are the 4 Major Elements of the Human Body?

Back 21

Oxygen (O)
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Nitrogen (N)

Front 22

What elements make up 3.9% True or False?

Back 22

Lesser elements

Front 23

Lesser elements make up 3.9% of the body and include:

Back 23

Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I), and iron (Fe)

Front 24

what elements make up less than 0.01% of the body and are required in minute amounts, and are found as part of enzymes

Back 24

Trace elements

Front 25

Atomic Structure:
The nucleus consists of

Back 25

neutrons and protons

Front 26

Atomic Structure: These have no charge and a mass of one atomic mass unit (amu)

Back 26

Neutrons–

Front 27

Atomic Structure: these have a positive charge and a mass of 1 amu

Back 27

Protons

Front 28

Electrons are found orbiting the nucleus. true or false?

Back 28

True

Front 29

These have a negative charge and 1/2000 the mass of a proton (0 amu)

Back 29

Electrons –

Front 30

Name 2 Models of the Atom

Back 30

Planetary Model and
Orbital Model –

Front 31

what atom model shows that electrons move around the nucleus in fixed, circular orbits

Back 31

Planetary Model –

Front 32

What atom model shows regions around the nucleus in which electrons are most likely to be found

Back 32

Orbital Model –

Front 33

Molecule –

Back 33

two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Front 34

Compound –

Back 34

two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together

Front 35

two or more components physically intermixed (not chemically bonded)

Back 35

Mixtures –

Front 36

Hydrogen

Back 36

what's this element?

Front 37

hellum (He)

Back 37

what's this element?

Front 38

lithium (Li)

Back 38

what's this element?

Front 39

deutrium

Back 39

what is this element?

Front 40

Tritium

Back 40

What is this element?

Front 41

– substance present in greatest amount

Back 41

Solvent

Front 42

substance(s) present in smaller amounts

Back 42

Solute –

Front 43

homogeneous mixtures of components

Back 43

Solutions –

Front 44

Concentration of Solutions is measured by?

Back 44

1. Percent, or parts per 100 parts
2. Molarity, or moles per liter (M)

Front 45

A mole of an element or compound is equal to its atomic or molecular weight (sum of atomic weights) in liters
true or false?

Back 45

False, its measured in grams

Front 46

name 2 heterogeneous mixtures whose solutes do not settle out

Back 46

Suspensions and
Colloids, or emulsions,

Front 47

Colloids, or emulsions, and Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures with visible solutes that tend to settle out

True or false?

Back 47

True

Front 48

True or false:
Only chemical bonding takes place in mixtures

Back 48

False NO chemical bonding takes place in mixtures

Front 49

T or F: Most mixtures can be separated by physical means

Back 49

True All compounds are homogeneous

Front 50

T or F: Mixtures are heterogeneous but not homogeneous

Back 50

False: Mixtures can be BOTH heterogeneous or homogeneous

Front 51

T o F: Compounds cannot be separated by physical means

Back 51

True

Front 52

T or F: All compounds are homogeneous

Back 52

True

Front 53

T or F: Bonds surround the nucleus of an atom

Back 53

false: Electron shells, or energy levels, surround the nucleus of an atom

Front 54

T or F: Electron shells, or energy levels are formed using the electrons in the outermost energy level

Back 54

false: Bonds are formed using the electrons in the outermost energy level

Front 55

what is the outermost energy level containing chemically active electrons

Back 55

a Valence shell –

Front 56

a single Covalent bond

Back 56

what kind of bond is this?

Front 57

a double Covalent bond

Back 57

what kind of bond is this?

Front 58

a triple Covalent bond

Back 58

what kind of bond is this?

Front 59

formation of an ionic bond

Back 59

what does this picture represent?

Front 60

Valence shell –

Back 60

outermost energy level containing chemically active electrons

Front 61

except for the first shell which is full with two electrons, atoms interact in a manner to have eight electrons in their valence shell

Back 61

Octet rule –

Front 62

Name the three Types of Chemical Bonds

Back 62

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

Front 63

Ions, Anions and Cations are examples of?

Back 63

Ionic Bonds

Front 64

Ions are ?

Back 64

charged atoms resulting from the gain or loss of electrons

Front 65

Anions have ?

Back 65

gained one or more electrons

Front 66

Cations have ?

Back 66

lost one or more electrons

Front 67

t or F: Ionic bonds form between atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons?

Back 67

true

Front 68

T or F: Ionic compounds form crystals instead of individual molecules?

Back 68

true

Front 69

give an Example of an ionic compound

Back 69

NaCl (sodium chloride)

Front 70

Covalent bonds are formed by ?

Back 70

the sharing of two or more electrons

Front 71

Electron sharing produces?

Back 71

molecules

Front 72

Electrons shared equally between atoms produce

Back 72

nonpolar molecules

Front 73

Unequal sharing of electrons produces

Back 73

polar molecules

Front 74

Atoms with six or seven valence shell electrons are

Back 74

electronegative

Front 75

Atoms with one or two valence shell electrons are

Back 75

electropositive

Front 76

T or F: Reactive elements do not have their outermost energy level fully occupied by electrons

Back 76

True

Front 77

T or F:Inert elements do have their outermost energy level fully occupied by electrons

Back 77

true

Front 78

name 4 characteristics of hydogen bond

Back 78

1. Too weak to bind atoms together
2. Common in dipoles such as water
3. Responsible for surface tension in water
4. Important as intramolecular bonds, giving the molecule a three-dimensional shape

Front 79

Name 2 facts about Chemical Reactions

Back 79

1. Occur when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken
2. Are written in symbolic form using chemical equations