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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synthesis
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Two reactants make a product (A + B = AB)
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Decomposition
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One reactant breaks down into two products (AB = A + B)
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Single Displacement
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An element replaces another element in a compound (A + BC = B + AC)
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Double Displacement
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Two compounds switch elements (AB + CD = AD + BC)
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Combustion
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always follows the format: hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
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What's the law of conservation of mass?
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Mass cannot be created or destroyed
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What does the law of conservation of mass mean for chemical reactions?
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The exact number of atoms must remain after a chemical reaction
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What is a reaction rate?
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How fast a reaction occurs, how fast the reactants are turned into products
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What factors affect reaction rates?
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Surface Area, Temperature, Concentration, Catalyst
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Surface Area
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-the amount of area exposed to the surface
-the greater the surface area of reactants, the more room for reactions to occur |
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Temperature
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-measure of kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
-as temperature increases, particles move faster, causing more collisions |
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Concentration
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-measure of the amount of particles in a given area
-the more particles in the area, the more collisions, causing more reaction rates |
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Catalyst
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-a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up (neither reactants nor products)
-can provide different paths or shift the chemical equilibrium |
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Reversible Reactions
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Both the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same time
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When does chemical equilibrium occur?
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When the forward and reverse reactions occurs at the same rate
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Le Chatelier's Principle
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If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system changes to relieve that stress
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How does a reaction adjust to changes in concentration?
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Adding more of a substance favors the reaction that uses up the substance
(if you add to the left side, it results in more on the right side, and vice versa) |
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How does a reaction adjust to changes in temperature?
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It favors the reaction that uses up the heat, while decreasing the temperature favors the reaction that replaces the heat
(if you add heat to right side, it would speed up the left side, while if you take away heat from the right side, it will favor the right side, and vice versa) |
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How does a reaction adjust to changes in pressure?
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since pressure is caused by gas, increasing the pressure favors the reaction that uses the most gas, while decreasing pressure favors the reaction that produces the least gas
(if gas is on the right, it favors the left, and vice versa) |
