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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five dynamic features of neurotransmission?
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-synthesis/transport of the neurotransmitter
-neurotransmitter packaging and storage -release -action at receptors -transmitter fate |
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What is long-term potentiation?
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-strengthening of a synaptic circuit through use over time to become more efficient (can also work in reverse "long-term depression")
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T/F The "knee-jerk" response involves both an excitatory and inhibitory pathway.
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True - excite to activate one muscle and inhibit to relax the opposing muscle
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Acetylcholine, the biogenic amines (such as serotonin), and amino acids like glutamate and aspartate are (small/large) neurotransmitters?
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small molecule neurotransmitters
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Large neurotransmitters are ______________.
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Peptides
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What neurotransmitter molecule creates free radicals in stroke?
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Nitric Oxide (NO)
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All neurotransmitters except for peptides are synthesized where?
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the axon terminal
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Transport of small neurotransmitter precursors from the cell body is fast or slow?
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Slow
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Where are neuropeptides synthesized? Is their transport to the axon terminal fast or slow?
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-the cell body
-fast |
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The area where neurotransmitters "anchor" at the pre-synaptic axon terminal before being released is called what?
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the active zone
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What ion is required for neurotransmitter release?
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Ca2+
-the arrival of an action potential opens voltage-gated calcium channels -blockage of Ca2+ experimentally --> no neurotransmitter release |
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What two proteins are used to fuse the vesicle with the pre-synaptic membrane? What ion catalyzes them?
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-SNAPs and SNAREs
-Ca2+ |
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What toxin affects SNAPs and SNAREs?
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Botox (and tetanus toxin)
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What is Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?
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-associated with cancer
-problems with neurotransmission due to dysfunction of calcium channels -causes symptoms similar to myasthenia gravis |
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An umbrella term for genetic diseases affecting neurotransmission in children
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Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disease
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T/F The exocytosis of neurotransmitters leads to an eventual loss of membrane at the pre-synaptic terminal
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False - membrane is recycled
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What are the two types of neurotransmitter receptors?
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-Ionotropic (action is direct; receptor is the ion channel)
-Metabotropic (action is indirect; receptor activates G-protein that opens separate ion channel) |
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T/F Once the ion channel is opened, the neurotransmitter enters into the post-synaptic neuron
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False - ions pass thru (neurotransmitter is just the messenger)
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Which type of receptor is faster acting?
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Ionotropic
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T/F Dysfunction of a single neurotransmitter can be the root of many conditions
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True
Why? Receptor diversity |
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Give an example of when synaptic transmission is not unidirectional.
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Autoreceptors - neurotransmitter is released and then acts on receptors on the pre-synaptic neuron (helps with regulation)
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What are the two basic fates of neurotransmitters?
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-broken down by enzymes in the synapse, reuptake of components by the pre-synaptic neuron
-reuptake of the whole neurotransmitter by surrounding glial cells |
