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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two vasoactive amines? Where are they found and what are their functions?
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Histamine and Serotonin.
Histamine - Found in: Mast Cells, Basophils, platelets functions: Vasodilatation, Increased venular permeability Serotonin Found in: Platelets, Enterochromaffin Cells (GI/Resp epithelial cells) Functions: similar to histamines. |
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Name the key features of the complement system.
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Plasma Proteases
Stored as Pre-cursors Activated by Proteolysis. C3a is activated first ---> C3 convertase produces..... C3b - which is an opsonin. C3a, C5a - potent vasodilators, permeability C5a - Potent Endogenous Chemotactic agent Formation of MAC (C5-9) - Membrane attack complex leads to microbe lysis. |
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What is the primary function of the clotting cascade?
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Conversion of insoluble Fibrinogen into Fibrin.
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Name the key products of the clotting cascade which regulate inflammatory responses. What are their roles?
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Thrombin - Leukocyte adhesion, Proliferation of fibroblasts.
Fibrinopeptides - Increase vascular permeability, Chemotaxis. Factor Xa - Increases vascular permeability, leukocyte exudation. |
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Kinin System. Products and functions.
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Bradykinin:
- Increases vascular permeability. - Mediates pain. - Contraction of smooth muscle. - Vasodilatation. |
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Arachidonic Acid is produced from.....
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Dietary sources.
Linoleic Acid. Esterified in Membrane Phospholipids. |
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Enzyme responsible for conversion of Membrane Phospholipids in Arachidonic Acid.
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Phospholipase A2
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2 Important metabolic pathways for AA....
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COX Pathway - Produces Prostaglandins,
5-Lipoxygenase - Leukotrienes. |
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Drugs which inhibits COX 1 + 2...
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Aspirin (NSAID)
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Drug which inhibits both the COX pathway and LOX pathway...
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Steroids.
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Sites of Cytokine Production....
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Macrophages
Lymphocytes |
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Sub-classes of Cytokine.
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Monokine - mononculeated phagocytotic cells.
Lymphokines - produced by lymphocytes. Chemokines - Chemokinesis, Chemotaxis |
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Two major cytokines which mediate inflammation.
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IL1 (Inter-Leukene 1)
TNF (Tumor-Necrosis Factor) |
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Platelet Aggregating Factors are found....
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In Platelets, Basophils, Mast Cells, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelium
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Functions of PAF:
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Platelet Activation
Vasoconstriction Bronchocontraction, Leukocyte Adhesion Chemotaxis Degranulation Oxidative Burst (Respiratory Burst) |
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What happens in low concentrations of PAF?
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Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilatation. |
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Lysosomal Constituents of Leukocytes are found....
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In Neutrophils and Monocytes.
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Vasodilation
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Prostaglandins
Nitric Oxide |
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Increased Permeability
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Vasoactive Amines
C3a and C5a Bradykinin Leukotrienes PAF |
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Chemotaxis and Leukocyte Activation
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C5a and Leukotrienes
Chemokines Bacterial Products |
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Fever
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IL1, IL6, NAD TNF
Prostaglandins |
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Pain
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Prostaglandins
Bradykinin |
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Tissue Damage
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Netrophil and Macrophage Lysosomal Enzymes
Oxygen Metabolites Nitric Oxide |
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What is degranulation?
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Release of cytotoxic vesicles from immune cells i.e. release of lysosomic granules from lymphocytes.
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What is a respiratory burst?
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Rapid release of ROS within the cell.
Oxygen-dependent cell death in phagocytosis. |
