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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ketones |
- >80mg/dL -formed when the break down of fatty acids is too quick -2% acetone form -98% hydroxybutyrate form |
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ketones on strip |
-nitroprusside reaction -false positives (red urine,medications) -false negatives (improper preserves) -correlates with glucose -indicates starvation, malabsorption, strenuous exercise, vomiting, diabetes mellitus -40 sec |
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hematuria |
-occult blood -kidney stones -trauma -infection -strenuous exercise |
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hemoglobinuria |
-occult blood -blood transfusion -severe burns -lysis of RBC with uti |
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myoglobinuria |
-occult blood -muscular trauma -alcoholism -drug abuse -muscle wasting disease |
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blood on strip |
-hemoglobin peroxidase -sensitivity 5-20RBC/uL -false positive (oxidizing agents, bacterial peroxidases) -false negatives (high SG, high ascorbic acid, unmixed sample) -60 sec |
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bilirubin and urobilinogen |
-hemolytic diseases (+ uro) -hepatobiliary obstruction (++ bilirubin) -hepatitis (+ uro and bilirubin) |
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bilirubin on strip |
-false positive (pigmented urine) -false negative (exposure to light, ascorbic acid) -correlates to urobilinogen -30 sec |
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Ictotest |
-bilirubin confirmatory test -***all positive bilirubin tests -square pad with tablet, look for color change |
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urobilinogen on strip |
-ehrlich aldehyde reaction -false positive (PBG, pigmented, sulfonamides) -false negatives (old sample) -correlates with bilirubin -60 sec |
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nitrite |
-positive is indicative of uti -positive results needs... 1. diet with sufficient nitrate 2. infectious organism must produce the enzyme that reduces nitrate to nitrite 3. urine must be in bladder long enough to convert nitrate to nitrite |
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nitrite on strip |
-griess reaction -false negative (bacteria cant convert rate to rite, not enough time, lack or nitrate in urine, bacteria converting rite to nitrogen, ascorbic acid) -false positive (improper preserves, pigmented) -correlates to leukocytes, microscopic -60 sec |
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leukocyte esterase |
-LE -detects WBC -indicative of UTI and inflammation |
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LE on strip |
-sensitivity 5-15WBC/HPF -false positive (oxidizing agents, pigmented) -false negative (inaccurate timing, ascorbic acid) -correlates to nitrate and microscopic - 2 mins |
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specific gravity |
-tells hydration state -detects loss of renal tubular concentrating ability -function of ADH |
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SG on strip |
-sensitivity 1.000-1.030 -false positive (increased conc of proteins) -false negative (highly alkaline) -measures only ionic solutes - 45 sec |
