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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acute-phase
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In response to injury, ____________ _______ proteins(complement, cytokine, fibrogen and kinins) are activated and their concentration increases.
e.g. a localized infection |
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Vasodilation
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increase the diameter of B.V.
Injured tissues release: histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes. These substances dilate (increase the diameter) of blood vessels. Redness and heat Increased permability Margination and emigration/ diapedesis of WBCs Increased WBCs at site of injury. PMNs reach site first (short lived) Monocytes reach site within 24 hr. (longer lived) |
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Leukotrienes
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mediate allergies and asthma
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Increased permeability by vasodilation in imflammatory response
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Margination and emigration/ diapedesis of WBCs
Increased WBCs at site of injury. PMNs reach site first (short lived) Monocytes reach site within 24 hr. (longer lived) |
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PMNs
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They are small and eat themselves to death.
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Monocytes
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clean up crew
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Swelling/Edema
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Increased flow of fluid from blood to tissue spaces.
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Tissue repair
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The final stage of inflammation. Begins during the active phase of inflammation.
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Fever
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systemic inflammation
systemic increase in body temperature Endogenous Pyrogens Interleukin 1 IL-1 and alpha tumor necrosis factor Secreted by WBCs (monocytes and macrophages) Act on the hypothalamus (body's thermastat) Hypothalamus releases prostaglandins (fatigue and tired) Increase in body temp. Speeds up body's chemical reactions Decrease available iron. When IL-1 is eliminated, body temp falls (crisis) |
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Endogenous Pyrogens
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Interleukin 1
IL-1 and alpha tumor necrosis factor Secreted by WBCs (monocytes and macrophages) Act on the hypothalamus (body's thermastat) Hypothalamus releases prostaglandins (fatigue and tired) Increase in body temp. Speeds up body's chemical reactions Decrease available iron. When IL-1 is eliminated, body temp falls (crisis) |
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The complement system
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very nonspecific
A group of over 30 proteins found in the blood. Complements antigen antibody reactions. Binds to immune complexes. (It doesn't care which antibodies and antigens it is. It will lyse the cell.) |
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Cell lysis
WBCs chemotaxis Opsonization or immune adherance Inflammation |
What are several functions of the complement system?
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Cell lysis
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One of the functions of the complement system.
Membrane attack complex punching holes in cell membrane |
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WBCs chemotaxis
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One of the functions of the complement system.
Attracts phagocytes |
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Opsonization or immune adherance
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One of the functions of the complement system.
Enhanced phagocytosis |
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Interferons
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IFNs
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Interferons
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Interfere with viral replication
Alpha IFN and Beta IFN: cause cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication Gamma IFN: Increases the activity of neutrophils and macrophages primarily in phagocytizing bacteria. |
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Alpha IFN and Beta IFN
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cause cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication
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Gamma IFN
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Increases the activity of neutrophils and macrophages primarily in phagocytizing bacteria.
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