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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the outermost shell of an atom also known as? |
Valence shell |
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Chemical bonds occur when... |
atoms gain, lose or share and electron. |
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Define chemically inert atoms |
atoms that are unreactive because their valence shell is filled |
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What are 3 types of chemical bonds? |
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen |
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What is an Ionic Bond? |
attraction between ions with opposite charges |
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What is a Cation? |
an ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses an electron |
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What is an Anion? |
negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains an electron |
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Give an example of Ionic bonding |
Cl- + Na+ = NaCl |
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Describe Covalent bonding |
attraction between atoms which share pairs of electrons |
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Nonpolar covalent bonds are... |
electrically balanced |
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Polar covalent bonds are... |
shared unequally |
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Is water polar or nonpolar? |
Polar |
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Term for a substance that dissolves in water |
Hydrophilic |
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Term for a substance that does not dissolve in water |
Hydrophobic |
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What are the 4 main types of chemical reactions? |
Synthesis, Decomposition, Exchange, Reversible |
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Describe what happens during synthesis |
Two or more atoms combine to form a more complex molecule |
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Describe what happens during decomposition |
A more complex molecule is broken down into simpler atoms |
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Describe an exchange reaction |
Synthesis and Decomposition occur simultaneously |
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Describe a reversible reaction |
Reactants turn to products and vice-versa |
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What does the prefix in a chemical equation represent? |
Quantity of molecule |
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What does the subscript in a chemical equation represent? |
# of atoms present |
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Give 4 characteristics of Organic compounds |
made by organisms, contain carbon, covalently bonded, large in size |
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Give some examples/characteristics of Inorganic compounds |
common outside of organism, useful in homeostasis, minerals, water |
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What makes water unique? |
It is the molecule that supports all of life, polarity allows hydrogen bonds, it is adhesive, it is cohesive, resists rapid temperature changes, is the universal solvent |
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An Anabolic reaction is an example of? |
Synthesis |
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A Catabolic reaction is an example of? |
Decomposition |
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What do the arrows represent in a chemical equation? |
Produces or yields |
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Where would you list the reactants in a chemical equation? |
At the beginning before the arrow |
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Where would you list the products in a chemical equation? |
At the end after the arrow |
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When the rate of product formation is equal to that of reactant formation, the reaction is said to be in... |
chemical equilibrium |
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What may affect the rate of a reaction? |
The concentration of reactants |
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Water accounts for what % of cell volume? |
60-80% |
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What does an acid do to a solution? |
Raise the concentration of H+ ions |
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Acids are electrolytes and are said to taste... |
sour |
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What does a base do to a solution? |
Raises the concentration of (hydroxl) OH- ions or reduces the concentration of H+ ions by accepting free H+ |
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Bases are said to taste bitter and feel... |
slippery |
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pH is a measure of what?
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The concentration of H+ in a solution
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A solution with a ph of 7 is said to be... |
neutral |
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A solution with a pH > 7 is considered a... |
base |
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A solution with a pH < 7 is considered a... |
acid |
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pH homeostasis is regulated by... |
chemical systems known as buffers, also by kidneys and lungs |
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What is the pH of blood? |
7.4 |
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Most cells and tissues in the body are slightly... |
alkaline |
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Acidosis is an abnormally high concentration of what? |
H+ ions in the blood |
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Alkalosis is an abnormally low concentration of what? |
H+ ions in the blood |
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What is a buffer? |
Substances that minimize changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution |
