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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the first priority of a HM in a chemical attack?
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To ensure your own survival so that you may then treat casualties
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What can be used to effectively remove a chemical agent on the skin?
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The M291 skin decontamination kit
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What directive contains detailed instructions on the use of skin decontamination kits?
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NAVMEDP-5041 (Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries)
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What are the 2 types of antidote autoinjectors if you become a nerve-agent casualty?
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Atropine and 2-PAM-C1
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What is the guiding principle in personnel decontamination?
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Avoid spreading contamination to clean areas and manage casualties without aggravating other injuries.
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What are the top priorities for first aid and decontaming casualties?
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First, control of massive hemmorhage and then first aid for life-threatening shock and wounds
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How are medical decontamination supplies given to ships?
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On a personnel-strength basis, as listed in the current Authorized Medical Allowance List (AMAL)
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What are the minimum number of decontamination stations, or "dirty" areas that each ship must have insofar as the hull design permits?
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2
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Where is contaminated chemical clothing and gear placed?
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In designated dump areas and, whenever practically possible, in metal cans with tightly fitting covers
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Who has custody of the keys to the locked decontamination supply cabinets?
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The Damage Control Assistant (DCA)
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Generally what are the differences between chemical and biological weapons?
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Chemical weapons are more suited for tactical, short-term local use, while biological weapons have a strategic, long range goal
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What agents are included in casualty-producing chemical agents?
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Nerve, blister, blood and choking agents
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What agents are included in harassing chemical agents?
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Tear gas and vomiting agents
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When are chemical agents classified as lethal?
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When they result in a 10% or greater death rate among casualties
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How do nerve agents produce their effect?
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By interferring with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympethetic autonomic nervous system
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What is an apparent sign if a nerve agent was a vapor exposure?
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The pupils will constrict, usually to a pin point
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What is an apparent sign if a nerve agent was exposed through the skin?
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There will be a local muscular twitching where the agent was absorbed
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What is the specific therapy for nerve agent casualties?
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Atropine and acetycholine blocker
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WHEN EXPOSED, what is issued to each member of the Navy and Marine Corps?
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THREE 2mg autoinjectors of atropine and THREE 600mg auntoinjectors of 2-PAM C1.
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Is it permissable to give nerve agent antidotes for preventive purposes BEFORE contemplated exposure to a nerve agent?
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No, they are given when EXPOSED.
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When you experience the MILD symptoms of nerve-agent poisoning, where do you administer ONE SET of atropine and 2-PAM C1 injections (after putting on your protective mask)?
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In your lateral thigh or buttocks.
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How long should the atropine injector be firmly held in place for a nerve-agent injection?
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At least 10 seconds.
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What should you do with the USED nerve agent antidote injectors?
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Attach them to your clothing to indicate the number of injections you have already recieved.
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Why should the HM NOT use their own autoinjectors when treating a member suffering from severe signs of nerve-agent poisoning?
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Because if you do, you may not have any antidote available when needed for self-aid. Therefore, always use the casualties own autoinjectors when providing aid.
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Why are mustard (HD) blister agents particularly insidious?
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Because they don't manifest their symptoms for several hours after exposre.
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What part of the body is the most vulnerable to mustard gas?
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The eyes
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What is the first symptom of lewisite?
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The vapors are so irritating that conscious persons are immediately warned by discomfort to put on a mask
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What are the 2 suggested antidotes in treating cyanides?
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Amyl nitrite in crush ampules is provided as first aid. Follow up therapy with IV Sodium Thiosulfate Solution is required.
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What are the 2 suggested antidotes in treating cyanides?
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Amyl nitrite in crush ampules is provided as first aid. F/U therapy with IV Soduim thiosulfate solution is required.
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What is the key to successful cyanide therapy?
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Speed, as cyanide acts rapidly on an essential enzyme system.
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What is phosgene?
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A colorless gas with a distintive odor similar to that of a new-mown hay or freshly cut grass.
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What is the principal requirement for first aid of psychological agents?
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To prevent victims from injuring themselves or others furing the toxic psyhosis
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What is the treatment for choking or lung agents?
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Once symptoms appear, complete bed rest is mandatory and treatment has to be symptomatic
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What are the 2 types of riot-control/harassment agents?
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Lacrimators and vomiting agents
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What is an important point to remember when considering first aid for lacrimators (tear gas) ?
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That although first aid is generally not necessary, this material adheres tenacioudly to clothing, and a change of clothing may be necessary
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What first aid is given for vomiting agents?
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Washing the skin and rinsing the eyes and mouth with water with a mild analgesic to relieve any headache
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What is the first aid for white phosphorus (WP) smoke?
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No treatment is necessary, and spontaneous recovery is rapid once the patient is removed fromo the WP source
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What first aid is rendered when burning particles of white phosphorus (WP) are embedded in the skin?
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They must be covered with water, a wet cloth, or mud until they are removed surgically.
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What is the major difference between biological agents and most war gases or vapors?
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They cannot be detected by the physical senses or by chemical detectors
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What are the best lines of defense against biological agents?
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The natural resistance of the body and its maintenance in the best possible physical condition
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What is considered as the greatest potential hazard in biolgical warfare?
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Inhalation of airborne organisms
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What is the best group protection in biological as well as chemical and radiological warfare?
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A tightly constructed shelter that is pressurized
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What disposition is made of all exposed or unpackaged foods not in critical supply in the event of a known or suspected biological attack?
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Should be destroyed
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What is chlorination by far the almost universal method of purifying water?
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Because it destroys most of the bioligcal agents
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Generally, what offers the best protection before a nuclear explosion ashore if there are no specially constructed shelters?
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In the basement near walls.
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What is the normal duration of flash blindness (from a person looking in the general direction of a nuclear detonation)?
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From 20-30 minutes
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Who will be burn casualties in a nuclear explosion?
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Only those in the direct line of sight of thermal emission
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What course of action must be taken immediately, in the event of a suprise nuclear attack, no matter where you are?
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Drop to the prone position in a doorway or against a wall
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What are the 3 broad classes of injuries to personnel resulting from a nuclear explosion?
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Blast and shock injuries,burns, and ionizing radiation effects
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What are primary blast injuries?
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Those that result fromo the direct action of the air shock wave on the human body
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