Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Precipitation reactions
|
a reaction in which an insoluble solid precipitate forms and drops out of solution
|
|
|
Acid-base neutralization reactions
|
a process in which an acid reacts with a base to yield water plus an ionic compound (a salt)
|
|
|
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions
|
a process in which one or more electrons are transferred between reaction partners
|
|
|
electrolyte
|
a substance that dissolves in water to produce ions
|
|
|
nonelectrolyte
|
a substance that does not produce ions when dissolved in water
|
|
|
to dissociate
|
to split apart to give ions when dissolved in water
|
|
|
strong vs. weak electrolytes
|
a compound that dissociates completely (70-100%) into ions when dissolved in water vs. one that dissociates incompletely
|
|
|
molecular equation
|
a chemical equation written using the complete formulas of reactants and products
|
|
|
ionic equation
|
a chemical equation written so that ions are explicitly shown
|
|
|
spectator ion
|
an ion that appears on both sides of the reaction arrow
|
|
|
net ionic equation
|
a chemical equation written so that spectator ions are removed
|
|
|
solubility
|
the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature
|
|
|
acid
|
a substance that provides H+ ions (or really H3O+ ions) when dissolved in water
|
|
|
base
|
a substance that provides OH- ions when dissolved in water
|
|
|
strong & weak acids
vs. strong & weak bases |
"strong" indicates the acid or base dissociates completely in water to give H+ or OH- ions and is a strong electrolyte.
"weak" indicates the acid or base dissociates incompletely and is a weak electrolyte. |
|
|
oxoacid
|
an acid that contains oxygen in addition to hydrogen and another element
|
|
|
mono-, di-, and triprotic acids
|
an acid that has 1, 2, and 3 dissociable protons respectively
|
|
|
What are the 6 strong acids to know for this class?
|
HCl - Hydrochloric acid
HBr - Hydrobromic acid HI - Hydroiodic acid HNO3 - Nitric acid H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid HClO4 - Perchloric acid |
|
|
What are the strong bases to know for this class?
|
Group 1A hydroxides
(LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH) & Group 2A hydroxides if soluble (Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2) |
|
|
Ending for oxoacids whose oxoanions end in -ite?
|
-ous
|
|
|
Ending for oxoacids whose oxoanions end in -ate?
|
-ic
|
|
|
For common acids that don't contain oxygen?
|
hydro- prefix & -ic suffix
|
|
|
oxidation
|
losing one or more electrons
|
|
|
reduction
|
gaining one or more electrons
|
|
|
H bonded to a metal has an oxidation number of...
When bonded to a non-metal... |
-1
+1 |
|
|
reducing agent
|
a substance that causes a reduction by donating an electron
|
|
|
oxidizing agent
|
a substance that causes an oxidation by accepting an electron
|
|
|
activity series
|
A list ranking the elements in order of their reducing ability in aqueous solution.
Elements at the top give up electrons readily. Any element higher in the series will reduce the ion of any element lower. |
|
|
titration
|
a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution
|
